Birth Control Literature Review

LITERATURE REVIEW:

The effectiveness of birth control methods is extremely important for preventing pregnancy. The effectiveness can be measured when the method is used correctly and consistently as directed, or how effective the method is during actual use (including incorrect use). (5)

The best way to reduce the risk of pregnancy among women is to use contraception methods frequently. The intrauterine contraception and the contraceptive implant remain highly effective for years once correctly in place, (these devices can be removed at a later stage). Whether or not the shots, pills, patch and ring, and barrier and fertility awareness-based methods work effectively, depends on correct and regular use. (5)

Reversible methods include:

1. Intrauterine

This patch has to be replaced every week for three weeks. During the fourth week, the patch is not worn in order to have a menstrual period.(3)

• The hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring, which releases progestin and estrogen, is placed inside the vagina. It is worn for three weeks, but can be removed during the menstrual period and must be replaced after the menstrual period.(3)

• Emergency contraception is a “non-regular “method, which can be used after no birth control was used during sex, or if the birth control method failed.(5)

Barrier Methods include:

• Diaphragm or cervical cap is placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix to block sperm. The diaphragm is shaped like a shallow cup, whereas the cervical cap is a thimble-shaped cup. Before sexual intercourse, the barriers must be inserted along with spermicide to block or kill sperm. (3+5)

• Male condom keeps the sperm from getting into the woman’s body. Latex condoms help prevent pregnancy, and HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), as do the newer synthetic condoms. “Natural” or “lambskin” condoms also help prevent pregnancy, but may not provide protection against STDs, including HIV.