NATOMY And Phynophysiology: Circulatory System
NATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
In this assignment the author will describe the functions and structure of the main systems of the body and their interrelationship.
1. Explain the Function of the Heart and the structure of the Arteries, Capillaries and Veins:
Function of the Heart:
The heart is a muscular organ in humans which pumps blood through the bold vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients and also assists in the removal of waste. The heart is a pump that drives the whole circulatory system. It receives and propels blood, rhythmically contracting, forcing the blood through a system of vessels. The hearts action is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
STRUTURE OF THE VEINS, CAPILLARIES AND
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Blood in oxygen from the systemic circulation enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava and passes to the ventricle. From here it is pumped into the pulmonary circulation, through the lungs where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta to the systemic circulation_ where the oxygen is used and diabolized to carbon dioxide.
Describe the condition Hypertension:
This is blood pressure that consistently remains above the normal level of 120/80. Causes: kidney disease, smoking, alcohol and diet. Effects: angina, strokes and heart attacks.
Describe the condition Hypotension:
This is consistent low blood pressure that remains below the normal level of 120/80. Causes: temporary shock, hemorrhage, dehydration, anemia and allergic reaction. Effects: dizziness, poor balance, fainting, confusion and disorientation.
1. Identify the main muscles of the body by using the diagram overleaf, indicate using the letters provided where each muscle group is on the diagram.
Diagram attached.
2. SMOOTH MUSCLE:
Non- striated in appearance.
In voluntary
Found in the walls of blood and lymphatic vessels, respiratory system, digestive system and genitor-urinary systems.
These muscles work automatically whether we want them to or not.
Found in internal organs e.g.
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