While the paragraphs above just narrated the story of the west, South Asia as a linguistic area has multiple languages and hence innumerable change and variation stories to offer, where a new feature called – caste, is also added along with literacy, literary traditions, diglossia and social categorization. William Bright, in his book ‘Language variation in South Asia’ addresses different aspects such as social dialect, structural borrowing, areal linguistics, the relation between literary and colloquial varieties and the role of written language, while analyzing the different languages and their variations in South Asia. The reason why I mentioned this is because I want to analyze – Bengali, an Indo European > Indo Aryan language in terms of Labov’s ideas on language variation and change but without forgetting it is also an essential South Asian Language in the same landscape as well, which has a long language history and needs mature sociolinguistic sensitivity for a proper
The following report is on an article from American Journal of Philology (ISSN 0002-9475, 2013, Volume 134, Issue 1, pp. 67 – 82) by Tara Welch from University of Kansas: Was Valerius Maximus a Hack? Abstract: Valerius Maximus’ “Facta et dicta memorabilia” blends elements of Roman declamation and historiography. Scrutiny of this text’s intertextual practices sheds light on the relationship it creates between its contents and its readers. Whereas declamation’s textual re-use aims to draw attention to the declaimer’s skill at adapting material, and historiographers invoke prior texts to borrow the earlier author’s authority, Valerius Maximus includes prior texts in ways that obscure both his own skill and his source’s authority.
My aim of writing this project, to know what the structure of the numerals in Pashto and do you have a special numeral for this language or not, or use suffix. Zarka is a native speaker is studying at United Arab Emirates University, especially studying linguistic. 1 Methodology I take the data from a native speaker of Pashto dialect her name is Zarka who is an UAEU student Where I had interviewed Zarka to collect the right information for my topic then the data was analyzed after making her answering the questions that related to interrogative words and sentences and translating them to Pashto language. Data Now in this part I wrote the sentence in English language to Pashto language to show you what is the rule of Pashto language also to write the principal and the rule of Pashto language Examples to do my research paper 1- First:- Awal - First (AdjP)rose(VP) of (PP)summer(NP). Awal gulab da oxu [Awəl] [gʊlʌb] [da] [ oxʊ̈] - The (D) first(AdjP) boy(NP).
Research Objectives In order to broaden the field of cohesion and coherence in Persian texts, the present study seeks to explore the use and different types of cohesive devices in the English and Persian translation of "The Old Man and the Sea". In fact, the purpose of the current study is multifold: first of all, it aims at finding out the frequency of each type of cohesive devices found in the English novel and its Persian translation. Second, it attempted to reveal if there are some discrepancies between the English novel "The Old Man and the Sea" and its Persian translation regarding frequency and types of cohesive devices. 1.4. Research Questions and Hypotheses To this end, the study takes the following as the research questions: 1).
Ventriloquism and the Vernacular with Special Reference to Indian Writing in English Poonam Punia Research Scholor Dept.of English Ch. Devilal University, Sirsa(Haryana) E-mail:poonamdsingh7@gmail.com Abstract. Indian English Writers have a propensity to help and innovate upon the English language to communicate an innate sense regarding, “Indianness”. The ‘Indian English’ in slight ways switch over to conversational and the vernacular into the English. In other words, while writing in English, Indian English Writers articulate through a ventriloquist’s voice.
2. Review of literature This section concisely sheds light on related literature concerning semantic prosody and cuprous-based studies of semantic prosody and semantic features. Along with the Implication of Semantic Prosody in Translation, followed by the significance of the proposed study and the research methodology and data. 2.1. Semantic Prosody The term semantic prosody, also known as semantic harmony (LewandowskaTomaszczyk, 1996), discourse or pragmatic prosody (Stubbs, 2001), or semantic relationships (Hoey, 2003; Nelson, 2006), was initially developed by Sinclair (1987) who had taken the idea from Firth’s (1957) concept of phonological prosody. Louw (1993) was the one who initially presented the term semantic prosody, and then it was used extensively by Hunston (2002, 2007), Partington (1998, 2004), Stubbs (1995, 2001), Tognini-Bonelli (2001), and Tribble (2000), etc.
Faculty of Humanity and Social Sciences Department of General Linguistics Field Methods in Linguistics Past Tense In Pashto language Done by: Amna Obaid Jumah Al Zeyoudi. 201102545 To: Dr. Tommi Leung Section 51 Spring 2016 Abstract The Pashto language is one of the East Iranian classes of languages widely spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pashto is also spoken in India, Iran, Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates and the U.K. (Method, 2010; Zyar, 2003). Pashto has two major dialects such as Eastern Pashto and Western Pashto. Eastern Pashto is spoken in northeastern Pakistan.
Sifat Faria Trisha 143 1328 655 ENG 501 Professor Joshua Yu Burnett 10th December 2014 The Relationship between Language and Culture Research: Annotated Bibliography Bührig, Kristin, and Jan D. Ten. Thije.Beyond Misunderstanding: Linguistic Analyses of Intercultural Communication.Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 2006. Print. This book has implicitcon jectures regarding cultural communication. Misunderstandings can take place in communication while it is done in an intercultural way.
What about the Great Vowel Shift? This paper aims to take a brief look at the history of the English language and how the Great Vowel Shift impacted the language. It will also give an over view of what the GVS is and how it affected the English language. It also reveals some possible theories on why it happened and the lasting effects it left behind. It is concluded that a learner of the English language needs to fully understand why there are so many words in the language and how they are
The rise of comparative method: Comparative and historical linguistics were often treated as a single discipline. Firstly the main concern of historical linguistics was to study about Comparative Linguistics in which linguists were concerned about how two languages are related to one another when they are derived from a common ancestor. This notion of comparative linguistics was given by Sir William Jones a British judge in India who studied ‘oriental languages and literature’ delivered a lecture in Calcutta entitled