Blowfish Algorithm Research Paper
3. Blowfish Algorithm
in 1993 Bruce Schneier, one of the world's leading cryptologists, designed the Blowfish algorithm and made it available in the public domain, blowfish is a variable length key, blowfish is also a block cipher with a length of 64 bit , and has not been cracked yet, it can be used in hardware applications due to its compactness [3][5][7]. There are two parts for this algorithm; a part that addresses the expansion of the key and apart that addresses the encryption of the data.
3.1 Key Expansion
The key Expansion of blowfish algorithm begins with the P-array and S-boxes with the utilization of many sub-keys, which requires pre-computation before data encryption or decryption. The P-array comprises eighteen 32-bit
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The message “HI world” consist of 7 character + 1 space which equal to 8 byte (64 bit ).
3. First divide the message into 32 bits, the left 32 bits which represent “Hi w” are XORed with the first element of P-array (P1) (which generated from key expansion) and create a value called P1'.
4. Run the result in point 3 (P1') through a transformation function called F In which the 32 bit is divided into 4 bytes each one uses as indices to a value in the S-boxes a ,b ,c ,d as shown in fig 2.
5. The first two values from S-box 1,2 are added to each other then Xored with the third value from S-box3 .
6. The result is added to the value from S-box4 to produce 32 bit .
7. The output of the transformation function F is XORed with the “right” 32 bits of the message “orld” to produce F1'.
8. F1' replace the left half of the message and P1' replace the right half .
9. The process is repeated 15 more times with successive members of the P-array.
10. The resulting P16' and F16' after 16 round are then XORed with the last two entries in the p-array (entries P17 and P18 ) and recombined to produce the 64 bit cipher text of the message “HI world “, a graphical representation of function (F) appears in figure
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