Briquette Literature Review

CHAPTER: 2
2.1 literature review

2.1.1 History of briquette

Biomass briquettes are a bio-fuel substitute to coal and charcoal. Briquettes are mostly used in the developing world, where cooking fuels are not as easily available.

The use of different forms of organic briquetting seems to have been common both during World War I. The modern mechanical briquetting machine was developed in Switzerland based upon German developments. Briquetting of sawdust and other agro waste material became widespread in Europe and America during World War 1 under the impact of fuel shortages.

From 1925, in Japan briquetting seems to have been common until recently with widespread use of "Ogalite" fuel briquettes made from sawdust. Between 1964 and 1969, Japan

There should be the following characteristics for large quantity and good quality briquettes.

2.1.2 Low Moisture Content
Moisture contents are mainly affected by the feed stock species and its properties. The required moisture content is around 10to18 %. When the moisture content is lower than 10% or higher than 18 %, particles of feed stock are not consistent and briquette is tended to fall into pieces.(renewableenergyworld)

2.1.3 Ash content and composition The ash content of some of bio-mass is given in below table. Bio-mass Ash Content(%) Bio-mass Ash
Content(%)
Jute stick 1.2 Coffee husk 4.3
Corn cob 1.25 Cotton shell 4.6
Sawdust 1.35 Tannin waste 4.8
Pine needle 1.45 Almond shell 5.1
Soya bean stalk 1.5 Areca nut shell 5.4
Bagasse 1.758 Castor stick 5.8
Coffee spent 1.8 Ground nut shell

It is depend on the type of material. Every material have it’s specific nature. It is difficult to have optimal value of humidity for briquetting process. From different experiments optimal value of briquetting is from 8 to 15%. It can be calculated according to type of material. If humidity of the raw material is very high than the quality of briquettes is less.
4.1.2 Compacting Pressure
Compacting pressure is most important factor which is affect the quality of briquettes. Higher the pressure higher the strength of briquettes. Rise in temperature of material during the briquetting process reduce the needed pressure for briquetting for desired quality.
4.1.3 Pressing temperature
Pressing temperature is effect on briquettes quality and strengths. Lignin plays major role in process because it is use to join the fibers of material while pressing. The strength of briquettes are depends on the quantity of lignin in material. Lignin is released at high temperature so high processing temperature is to be provided. The approximate value is 120°C of processing temperature for plastification of