Bromination Lab Report

1. For the demo experiment, the balanced chemical equation is as follows: (NH4)2Cr2O7(s)=Cr2O3(s)+N2(g)+4H2O(g). After the lightning of Ammonium dichromate, Chromium (III) oxide was formed while the Nitrogen and Water escaped into the atmosphere in a gaseous phase. Ammonium dichromate((NH4)2Cr2O7) gave rise to Chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3), Nitrogen Gas(N2) and water (H2O) In terms of microscopic level, the ratio between reactants and products is as follows. One mole of Ammonium dichromate will give rise to one mole of 1 mole of Chromium (III) oxide and 1 mole of Nitrogen gas and 4 moles of Water is gaseous phase.

One purpose of a Wittig reaction is the formation of alkenes from aldehydes or ketones employing a carbo-phosphorous ylide, which is stabilized vie resonance to allow for the carbon bonded to phosphorus to be deprotonate from by a base (Ketcha, 142). The resonating ylide will react with the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of its aromatic aldehyde to produce a betaine intermediate, or a crystalized 4

CER Labs 2-3 Figure 1. Friedel-Crafts Acylation. Claim: An acetyl group was efficiently introduced to ferrocene by Friedel-Crafts Acylation (Figure 1). We isolated our crude yield while comparing 2 purification techniques: column chromatography and recrystallization. TLC, NMR, and IR spectroscopy were used throughout the process to identify ferrocene and acetylferrocene in addition to evaluating the levels of purity.

9. Theoretical yield = (150.22g/mol)(3.5 x 10^-3 mol of nucleophile) = 0.525 g Actual yield = 0.441 g, Percent Yield = (0.441g/0.525g) x 100% = 84% 10. Percent recovery from recrystallization = (0.172g/0.441g) x 100% = 38% 11. The data table provided below obtained melting point data for crude product, pure product, and mixture of the pure and 4-tert-butylbenzyl. 12.

This helps to indicate whether or not the reaction follows Markovnikov’s Rule, which states that the electrophile (E+) will add to the carbon involved in a double bond that produces the most stable carbocation. If the rule is followed, the reaction will proceed according to the mechanism in Figure 1. In the silver nitrate test, the alkyl bromide is added to AgNO3. The rate of precipitation with 2° should be faster than the solution with the 1° alkyl halide. In the sodium iodide test, the alkyl halide is added to sodium iodide in acetone.

As we know acid reacts with bubbles when combined with sodium bicarbonate. 2. Write the chemical equation for the reaction in well A6. B BoldI ItalicsU Underline Bulleted list Numbered list Superscript Subscript3 Words NaOh + AgNO3>>>>NaNO3 + AgOH 3. One of the reactions you observed resulted in this product: NaCl + H2O + CO2 (g)?

Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial. A spin vane was added and a water-jacked condenser was attached.

ESI–MS m/z 297 [M+Na]+ in positive ion mode and 273 [M-H] in negative ion mode for molecular formula C15H14O5; 274. Compound 2 Commonly known as phlorizin. IUPAC name is 1-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-phenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one was obtained as white to offwhite needle shaped crystals mp 1670C. The UV/Visible spectrum of the compound showed λmax at 226

This was approached by finding the molar mass of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and then using that value to convert the grams of the sodium thiosulfate used for the initial creation of the weigh bure into moles. The molar mass of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate was found by adding the atomic masses of each element found in the compound, as shown in Example 1. The molar mass was then used to convert the grams used into moles by using dimensional analysis. Example 1: Na2S2O35H2O (22.990Nag x 2)+(32.066Sg x 2)+(15.999Og x 3)+(1.008Hg x 10)+(15.999Og x 5)= 248.18 g/mol Example 2: 0.21gx1 mol248.18 g= 8.46 x 10-4 mol The last step in completing the Preparation Table was to calculate the concentration of the standard thiosulfate solution by dividing the moles of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate by the mass of the solution, in grams(Example 3). Example 3: 8.46 x 10-4 moles of Na2S2O35H2O/ 9.70 grams of solution = 8.72 x 10-5

We concluded that the rate of hydrolysis of (CH3)3CCl is directly proportional to water content in the solvent mixture. Aims of experiment • Determine the rate constants for hydrolysis of (CH3)3CCl in solvent mixtures of different composition (50/50 V/V isopropanol/water and 40/60 V/V isopropanol/water) • Examine the effect of solvent mixture composition on the rate of hydrolysis of (CH3)3CCl Introduction With t-butyl chloride, (CH3)3CCl, being a tertiary halogenoalkane, it is predicted that (CH3)3CCl reacts with water in a nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN1 mechanism), where Step 1 is the rate-determining step. The reaction proceeds in a manner as shown

The experiment consisted of a Diels Alder reaction between anthracene and maleic anhydride to produce 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-α,β-succinic anhydride. This is called a cycloaddition reaction because the reaction between the two products creates a cyclic product. The conjugated diene (called diene) was anthracene (consisted of 2 double bonds) and the dienopile was maleic anhydride (consisted of 1 double bond). The reaction occured between the alkene group of maleic anhydride and the alkene group of anthracene. The reaction is: Source: Melvil, 2014.

The objective of the experiment completed was to form the product 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-α,β-succinic anhydride from anthracene and maleic anhydride. The reaction that took place is named a Diels-Alder reaction, defined as an addition reaction in which a diene unites with a double or triple bond of an unsaturated compound to form a 6-membered-ring. The following reactions below depict the ways in which dienes and dienophiles join to form products. Anthracene functioned as a diene and maleic anhydride functioned as the dienophile. Xylene was used as a solvent that provided a quicker way of reaction between the two starting materials.

The melting points she derived are marginally lower, which is an indicated of slight impurity. A decrease in melting point occurs with an impure substance. If she is not convinced by those two melting points, she can create a solid derivative of 2,4-DNP to obtain a third melting point to compare. Furthermore, she could perform the Tollens’ test or the Iodoform test just to be sure she is coming to the correct conclusions. 4- A student finds that the 2,4-DNP derivative of his unknown melts at 155-156°C, and the oxime melts at 68-69°C.

Methodology: The distillation column was analyzed theoretically using McCabe Thiele to establish the number of stages required for separation. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for methanol and 2-propanol was used to plot curves of methanol-vapor fraction versus methanol-liquid fraction, and methanol liquid-vapor fraction versus temperature. III. Results: From the results, the average efficiency was 0.4308, 0.3778, and 0.4956 at 0.57kW supplied (30.58 mL/min Feed; 26.30 mL/min Boil Up), 0.94kW (30.58 mL/min Feed; 52.96 mL/min Boil Up), and 1.27kW (30.58 mL/min Feed; 77.50 mL/min Boil Up) respectively. From the experiment, it was observed that the quality

The objective of this experiment was to use an aldol condensation reaction to synthesize 3-nitrochalcone from 3- nitrobenzaldehyde. This was accomplished with a Diels-Alder reaction that utilized 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, acetophenone, ethanol, and sodium hydroxide. The mechanism for the synthesis of 3-nitrochalcone is presented in Figures 1 and 2. The alpha carbon on the acetophenone is deprotonated. This is followed by the attack of the alpha carbon anion on the carbonyl carbon on the 3-nitrobenzaldehyde.