Calorimetry Lab

1- 800 mL of raw water was transferred to six beakers using a measuring cylinder and a marker was used to assign different numbers to each beaker.
2- To make sure the pH was varied during the first part of the experiment, the pH in each beaker was adjusted. Using Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide, the pH of the six beakers was adjusted as follows: pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, and pH 8. However, the pH does not need to be exact.
3- Next, add 3 mL of Ferric Chloride coagulant using cylinder tubes and 3 mL of Aluminium Sulphate to the beakers. Place the six beakers on the Flocculation apparatus and mix rapidly for one minute and slowly for fifteen minutes. Measure the time using a stopwatch and allow for another fifteen minutes to settle.
4-

Using a dropper, take out some of the Supernatant liquid from each beaker and measure the turbidity. The lower the value of the turbidity, the more effective it is.
5- Next, filter some other samples that were taken out from the beakers using 0.5 insert unit m filter paper, a flask, and a pump. The pump sucks all the air from inside the flask in order for the filtered water to come down the filter paper. The filtered water is then placed in a cuvette to measure the absorbance at 455 nm. The lower the absorbance, the better it