CARBON DIOXIDE FERTILIZATION EFFECT
TEAM MEMBERS-
Aman Singhal
Nikhil Kedia
Rishi Gupta
Sukhsand Singh
Abstract:
The main objectives of this project are to assess the direct effects of rising atmospheric CO2 and indirect effects of potential climate changes on crop yield and growth.
Increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have helped boost green foliage across the world's arid region over the past 30 years through a process called CO2 fertilisation, according to CSIRO research.
It has been found that this CO2 fertilisation correlated with an 11 per cent increase in foliage cover from 1982-2010 across the parts of arid areas studied in Australia, North America, the Middle East and Africa.
The fertilization
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This may produce 'downregulation of photosynthesis'; although, this is not universally the case.
The carbon: nitrogen ratio of leaves of plants is generally increased under CO2 enrichment. Plants may acclimate to elevated CO2 by requiring less rubisco and photosynthetic apparatus, which would lead to lower nitrogen contents. The overall change in Carbon:Nitrogen ratios is governed both by increases in structural and non-structural carbohydrates, and by decrease in protein content. However, seed nitrogen content is little affected.
Specific respiration rates can be shortened by both short-term exposure to elevated Carbon di oxide and long-term growth at elevated Carbon di oxide. The long-term effect may be same when respiration rate are reported on per unit nitrogen
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This increase is caused more by increased photosynthesis than by a reduction of water loss through partially closed stomata. Thus, more biomass can be produced per unit of water, although a crop would still require almost as much water from sowing to final harvest. If temperature rises, however, the increased WUE caused by the CO2 fertilization effect could be diminished or negated, unless planting date can be changed to more favourable seasons.
As the world continues to consume more fossil fuels, concentrations of CO2 will continue to increase. Other greenhouse-effect gases, such as CH4, NO2 and CFCs substitute,perhaps tropospheric ozone, will likely expand also. The effect of CO2 fertilization on plants will rise and climate changes may happen because of the combined increase in all greenhouse-effect gases. Agriculture could adapt to gradual regional climate changes, but fast changes can be more serious. Adaptation actions could include the following:
Selection of plants which may better utilize carbohydrates at elevated
Hypothesis: If one-day pinto bean seedlings are soaked in a water solution, 1% NaCl solution, and 3% NaCl solution, the seedlings exposed to higher sodium concentrations will have decreased cellular respiration rates. Treatments: This experiment involved three treatments and a control. The goal of the experiment was to see how different levels of NaCl affect the rates of cellular respiration in day-old pinto bean seedlings.
Dependent Variable Rate of Respiration (Rate of which CO2 is produced in ppm/s) The rate of respiration of the germinating seeds can be represented by the rate of which CO2 is produced. The rate of respiration is expected to be affected by the change in temperature of the environment. As mentioned in the hypothesis, the change in the respiration rate is most likely to be due to the involvement of enzymes in the process.
People may know about climate change and the drastic changes it is having on the environment, but what they may not be aware of is that another degree increase in the world’s average temperature will cause even bigger problems for people all over. Climate change is long term shifts in temperature and patterns in the weather. Greenhouse gasses, gasses that trap heat in the atmosphere causing it to warm up are at an all-time high due to humans and the amount of fossil fuels we use. The most crucial result of climate change is global health, but animal endangerment and the rise in sea levels are also very important effects.
Corn has become abundant. The use synthetic nitrogen fertilizer is a contribution to the global warming due to the farming and this also pollutes the water for the
The most important result from this experiment is that it suggested that the increase of Carbon Dioxide, will drastically increase the growth mountain maple in the covered (from the sun) parts in a forest, in the meantime any increase in the temperature of the soil will nullify the increase of light, as we know is to be the main ingredient for photosynthesis. 5. The authors do not use any citations in the
These findings show that the null hypothesis is rejected, and that there is a major difference between the observed and expected values. It is also observed that in the data in Figure 1.1, as the concentration of the NaHCO3 increases, the greater the production of oxygen. The highest photosynthetic rate is in at a 1.0% concentration of NaHCO3and the lowest in at a 0.1% concentration of NaHCO3. It is also important to note that the 0.4% concentration of NaHCO3 had a greater oxygen production than the 0.6% concentration of NaHCO3.
When all these extra gases are released, carbon dioxide stars to accumulate in the atmosphere. Climate change is a global issue because when the temperature of the Earth changes even very slightly, it can cause droughts and our crops can die. This is affecting our food supply. Also, when water levels rise even slightly, it can be very destructive for
By releasing this gas into the air the natural greenhouse gases increase and cause many effects to happen. Carbon dioxide is also caused by removing natural resources from the land for agriculture. When the Earth starts to warm many other things do to, the ocean will become more acidic and glaciers might partially melt. If the oceans become acidic, fish and other sea creatures will have an unlivable environment. If glaciers start to melt arctic animals that rely on the ice may start to become extinct.
Introduction: In this task I will be researching the effect that acid rain has on the rate of plant growth. Acid rain is any type of precipitation with a high pH, with high levels of nitric acids. The reason why I had chosen this topic was because acid rain seems to have a great effect on the effect of plant growth, and plants play a very important role in our ecosystem. Acid rain is a major problem in our environment when we are not able to neutralize the acidity.
1. Introduction: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the important green house gases (GHGs) emitted in the atmosphere through various human and natural activities. The human activities include rapid industrialization and urbanization, deforestation, excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture, excessive use of fuels, papers and many other manmade resources whereas natural activities include volcano eruption, forest fires, earthquakes etc. Emission of GHGs in the atmosphere leads to global warming which is one of the primary reasons behind the atmospheric changes that affect the human life directly or indirectly. The consequences of global warming are extremely harsh seasons, untimely rains, extended summers and floods that results in human deaths, destruction of flora and fauna in addition to the huge economical losses.
Not only the future of the climate of our earth but also, the future of our generations would be determined by the amount of carbon we are planting in the atmosphere
The impact of climate change is being felt throughout the world; however, the situation is more pronounced in developing countries because many households, social groups and regions have a limited capacity to adapt to climate variability and change (UNFCCC, 2007; IPCC 2007). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007:6) defined climate change as any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. The (UNFCCC 2007) espoused that agricultural production on the African continent relies primarily on rainfall. As such, any interruption in rainfall pattern and intensity will adversely affect the poor, predominantly the smallholder farmers (ibid).
The most intense greenhouse effects include water vapors, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Moreover, the other chemicals such as CFC also contribute to the green house effects. It should be noted that the absorbed energy from the atmosphere by the earth directly increase the surface temperature. The Earth only has the tendency to absorb and maintain 33 degree Celsius temperature, and rapid increase lead to destruction of the human life on Earth.
Germinating peas and maize respire at faster rates than fresh and dried peas and maize at room temperature and 400C(graph no). This could be because pea seeds have two cotyledons as compared to the single one of maize so oxygen usage is also more. These results support my hypothesis stated earlier. Respiration is an enzymatic process where enzymes are required at every step in the breakdown of glucose. At 600C for both peas and maize the respiration rate went down as the enzymes denatured.
Fertilizers remove the nutrients of the soil damaging the soil and the local environment and after being mixed with the soil, gradually reduce the fertility of the soil. In the study of (Southland) using fertilizers consists of substances and chemicals like methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and nitrogen, the emission of which has contributed to a great extent in the quantity of greenhouse gases present in the environment. These facts are alarming and a serious step needs to be taken as soon as possible to avoid more severe consequences. This in turn is leading to global warming and weather changes. The use of fertilizers for growth and cultivation is keeping our stomach filled for now, but then if things keep on progressing the way they are, it won’t take long to see the times where there is lack of food, water, and health.