1.1 General
Creation of new materials with novel properties is the main driving force for the development of materials science and technology. Properties of materials are not simply influenced by the chemical bonding and composition, but likewise by the dimensions of materials. As the dimension of a material system reduces to the nm-scale, unique physical and chemical characteristics arise. Nano- materials have been mass fabricated by novel synthetic approaches, and have pulled a great deal interest from scientists and engineers. One interesting case of the nano- materials is carbon nanotubes (CNTs). (REF: Conductive Behaviour of Carbon Nanotube
Based Composites by Xinxin Sun)
After Ijima’s identification of multi walled carbon nanotubes
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1.2.2 Nanotube structure
The primary symmetry classification of a CNT divides them into achiral or chiral [2]. The two possible high symmetry structure known as ‘zig-zag’ and ‘armchair’ illustrated in Figure 2.2 are the only two examples of achiral nanotubes. Nevertheless, it is thought that most nanotubes do not own these highly symmetric forms but have structures in which the hexagons are arranged helically around the tube axis. These structures are mostly known as chiral, since they exist in two mirror related forms. Figure 2.2: Schematic illustration of carbon nantoube structure of (a) armchair and
(b) zig-zag [3]
To simplify the structure of an individual carbon nanotube, a vector C which joins two equivalent points on the original graphene lattice is determined. In this example, the cylinder is produced by rolling up the sheet so that the end-points of the vector are superimposed (Figure 2.3). The chiral vector can be determined by the following
3.1 Project Methodology In order to make sure that this project is on track, proper planning and scheduling is crucial. It is necessary to identify the significant key points which are photocatalytic activity of SWCNTs, properties of carbon nanotubes and titanium oxide, available testing procedures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other spectroscopic methods. In this section, a brief detail provided regarding the methods used, sol-gel, hydrothermal and electrospinning. Also, the available tests that will be used are explained.
3.3. Frontier molecular orbital The electronic structure of the doped fullerene interacting with glycine compared to pure fullerene C20 has been calculated with density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G basis set. The molecular orbital theory, the relative chemical reactivity of a molecular system can be estimated using HOMO and LUMO energies and overlaps of molecular orbital [18-20]. The electronic transition from the HOMO to LUMO are mainly derived from the electron density transfer n orbital to p* orbital.
One plane is the plane of the page containing the ClCCl plane. We will label this plane σ′(yz). The second plane is perpendicular to the plane of the page; we will label it σ(xz). The action of σ′(yz) is to give the arrangement of atoms shown, where the two hydrogen atoms have been interchanged, while the two chlorine atoms and carbon are unchanged. σ(xz) permutes the chlorine atoms, but leaves carbon and the two hydrogen atoms fixed.
K.D.A. Saboia et al. , (2007) have been prepared the Bi4Ti3O12–CaCu3Ti4O12 {[BIT(X)–CCTO(100-X)]} composite powders through solid state reaction method and calcined in the range of 900 to 1020 ºC for 12 h. The as-prepared powders have modified in the form of thick film onto alumina ceramic substrate by utilizing screen printing. At 100 Hz, the value of dielectric constant (κ) of CCTO100 and BIT100 is 316.61 and 53.64 respectively. Conversely, the composite with X=20 % shows an unexpected dielectric constant of 409.71, which is around 20% higher in comparison with the CCTO.
2.2. Equipment A scanning electron microscope (SEM, JOEL JSM 840 scanning electron microscope) operating at an accelerating voltage of 20 KV was used to determine the morphology of the electropsun nanofibers.
• ionic compounds can only conduct electricity if their ions are free to move. Ionic compounds only conduct when they are melted or dissolved in water and they do not do not conduct electricity when they are solid. Sodium chloride– it is soluble in water, it has high boiling and melting point, it does not conduct in its solid state, except when it dissolves in water or melted then it will conduct electricity.
The half-chair conformation is a transition state with C2 symmetry generally considered to be on the pathway between chair as well as twist-boat. It involves rotating one of the dihedrals to zero such that four adjacent atoms are coplanar and the other two atoms are out of
Dylan Clayton Mrs. Beckwith Pre-Ap Physical Science 9 7 December 2015 The Importance of Electrons Electrons are the negatively charged subatomic particles that revolve the center, nucleus, of an atom. They are arranged in different energy levels and they orbit around the nucleus like the Earth revolves around the Sun. Electrons are important in atoms, compounds, and chemical bonds involved in chemical reactions. These subatomic particles have importanance to the organization of elements into periods & groups, characteristics of elements in the same periods & groups, and the formation of compounds based on periodic table placement.
Throughout the 1900s, there were new ideas that were both accepted and rejected as useful and realistic. Nanotechnology, radio, and plastic were all developed during this time period and were presented in different ways. The ways in which these new technologies are presented and imagined greatly effects its future. The timing of innovations, the speed of its upheaval, its usefulness in society, and economic impacts are critical factors in the development of technologies. On the other hand, the development of wooden airplanes was not as successful because of the process in which this advancement was researched and applied.
Sample Process Speech Outline for SPC 155: Effective Speech (C. Schaeffer) Speech title: How to make an inexpensive Sabika bracelet Intended Audience: College student 's that are extra cautious with spending money. They want to give a meaningful gift while staying on budget. Introduction: I.
Lau_R1_Frilled Neck Lizard Introduction of Frilled-neck lizard Frilled Neck Lizard is a type of animal from the Iguania (reptile) family. They are a type of lizard which is usually found in northern Australia and southern Australia. The scientific name of Frilled-neck lizard is Chlamydosaurus kingii. Frilled-Neck lizard are between 70 to 95 cm long. They are very similar to normal lizards.
In 1948, Linus Pauling discovered that many proteins take the shape of a helix. At Cambridge University, James Watson and his research partner Francis Crick had become interested in Linus Paling’s work. Their approach was to try to make a physical model of what DNA looks like to narrow down the possibilities and eventually create an accurate model of the molecule. In 1951, Watson attended Rosalind Franklin’s lecture on the current work that she had done.
The two carbon atoms of C1Sp2 and C1Sp2 can be linked together in resulting in the cylindrically symmetrical, they are named sigma bonds. Furthermore, the second bond among the carbon atoms can be defined as the combination of P orbitals on the single side of the carbon, likewise other side also contain
“He harnessed the power of Niagara Falls and took the first x-ray photos. He anticipated the development of radio and television broadcasting, robotics, computers, faxes, and even strategic Defense Initiative. ”(Hawthorne). In the early years of Nikola Tesla, he was ill and would experience these flashes of light that were accompanied by visions incorporating full blueprint ideas for solutions to issues. He used these ideologies as he grew older to apply knowledge to what he was told.
DETAILED STRUCTURE OF A DOUBLE HELICAL DNA. A DNA molecule consists of a double helical structure made up of two strands running in opposite directions and twisted around each other. The helical structure of a DNA molecule is similar to the structure a corkscrew or a spring. Running in opposite directions meant that the DNA strands are anti-parallel to each other where one strand has 3’ end at its terminal while the other strand has 5’ end at its terminal.