Carbonyl Groups Research Paper

The Carbonyl group is omnipresent in biological compounds. It is present in all type of organic compounds such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, fats, proteins, vitamins, and hormones. These organic compounds are essential to every living organism. Structure of aldehydes and ketones are responsible for the smell and taste in many different aromatic compounds found in nature. Carbonyl group structure is “C=O” and memebers of this group are carbonyl compounds (X-C=O).
What is Carbonyl Group?
Aldehydes and Ketones fall into the category of simplest compounds containing the carbonyl group. It is also essential types of carbonyl compounds. A carbonyl group consists of carbon and oxygen joined together by a double bond. The joining of carbonyl carbon

The common names of many aldehydes are taken from the common names of the respective carboxylic acids by exchanging the end letters “–ic” with an aldehyde. Mostly these names reflect corresponding Latin or Greek term of the original source of the aldehyde compound or an acid compound.
We use letters such as α, β, γ, and δ, and so on to indicate the location of the substituent present in the carbon chain. The α-carbon is the one to which the aldehyde group is attached. β- carbon is the carbon next to the α-carbon, and so on.
The common naming of the ketone is done by naming the two alkyl or the aryl groups joined to the carbonyl group. Again, we use α α′, β β′, etc to indicate the substituents location. The naming of α α′ begins with the carbon atoms present next to the carbonyl

These common names are in use to date such as we call the simplest ketone “dimethyl ketone” as acetone.
Alkyl phenyl ketones naming is done by the addition of acyl group as the prefix to the word “phenone”. IUPAC Names
The IUPAC naming of aliphatic aldehydes and aliphatic ketones is comparatively easy. It is derived by taking the corresponding alkane and replacing the end letter –e of the alkane with either –al or –one. In case of aldehyde –al is written whereas in case of ketone –one is written.
The numbering of the longest carbon chain in the case of aldehyde begins from the carbon-containing the aldehyde group. However, in case of ketones, the numbering starts from the side of carbon-containing the carbonyl group.
Adding prefix in alphabetical order along with the numerals help in indicating the positions of the substituents in the carbon chain. This is same for cyclic ketones as well. In the case of cyclic ketones, the numbering begins with the carbonyl carbon.
We have to add the suffix carbaldehyde after the complete name of the cycloalkane if case the attachment is between an aldehyde group and a ring. The numbering of the ring begins from the carbon atom that is attached to the aldehyde