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Carboxylic Acid Lab Report

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Chemical Reaction of Carboxylic Acids
Main Contributor: Chen Swee Lun Carboxylic acids consists of a huge and diverse group of organic compounds that contain the carboxyl group (-COOH). The general formulae for carboxylic acid is CnH2n+1COOH. The presence of hydrogen atom in the carboxyl group gives carboxylic acids an acidic property when the acid is dissolved in water. Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid and propanoic acid are some examples of carboxylic acids. Formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid are the common names for the three examples respectively. In real life, formic acid can be obtained from ant, vinegar is the source of acetic acid and we can get propionic acid from milk. These examples shows that carboxylic acids are widespread …show more content…

It is a weak acid so it only dissociates partially in water, producing low concentration of hydrogen ions. Acetic acid is commonly used as an acidity regulator in the food industry.
Methanol carbonylation is one of the process that produces pure acetic acid. The methanol reacts with the carbon monoxide and acetic acid is produced in this process. CH_3 OH+CO→CH_3 COOH
This is a three-step-process in which the iodomethane acts as an intermediate and a metal complex acts as a catalyst.
CH_3 OH+HI→CH_3 I+H_2 O CH_3 I+CO→CH_3 COI CH_3 COI+H_2 O→CH_3 …show more content…

Commercially and valuable side products such as butanone, formic acid, propionic acid and ethyl acetate are formed as well. The acetic acid can also be obtained by substituting butane with acetaldehyde in the above reaction. 2CH_3 CHO+O_2→2CH_3 COOH
The acetic acid yield percentage can exceed 95% when using modern catalyst. Distillation process is carried out to separate them. When it comes to ethylene oxidation, the ethylene will produce acetaldehyde through Wacker process and then oxidized with the oxygen present in the air to form acetic acid.

Details on the Specific Operation Involved
Main Contributors: Goh Tuan Sing, Pan Wen Tong & Ting Ze Xian

Methanol Carbonylation: Monsanto process
In the early 1960s, the Monsanto process was first developed by a German based chemical company, BASF (originally stood for Badische Anilinund Soda-Fabrik). Ethanoic acid is produced with the reactants methanol and carbon monoxide, with cobalt and iodide added as catalyst. The temperature and pressure are conditioned at 300°C and 700 atm respectively. In 1966, Monsanto Company used Rhodium/Iodide catalyst which enabled the conditions to be milder at 150-200°C and 30-60 atm. Oxidation of Ethylene: Wacker process

C2H4+PdCl2 + H2O →CH3CHO +Pd

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