CHAPTER-5
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY IN NEPAL: A CASE OF CEMENT INDUSTRY
5.1 Cement market in Nepal
5.1.1 Background
Cement is a most important construction material for all of the infrastructures. It is produced by clinker, gypsum and flyash. The major raw material is clinker which constitutes 97% of cement and clinker is produced from limestone.
Use of cement in Nepal was started since 1950s. At that time, cement was imported from India, China, Korea and many other countries. The commercial import of cement was startedd from 1970s from China. In 1975, Himal Cement Industry was established under the government ownership which was the first cement industry in Nepal and was dissloved in 2002 with some environmental issues as the factory was located near to capital city Kathmandu.
Recently, Nepal has more than 42 cement industries in operation, including 2 government owned industries. Among these, 15 industries are self-clinker producing and rests are based on imported clinker. Currently, market share of domestic manufacturer is about 80% with all factories including clinker production as well as clinker importer. Market share of cement industry based on self-clinker production is only 40%. The remaining 60% market is suppliedd either by cement importation from abroad or by clinker import.
5.1.2 Role of Cement Industry in Nepalese Economy
Cement is one of the basic construction elements that have a history of more than one hundred and fifty years of its usage
Introduction: According to the Encyclopedia of Management (2009) sweatshops can be defined as environments or factories that provide opportunities to the less-fortunate people in a country. Sweatshops can be classified as a place of employment where the working hours are long, the conditions are harsh and the wages provided are very low compared to the average wages of the country in question (McDermott, 2013). Most sweatshops also have strict laws and policies that the workers have to abide to, and they are often subjected to some form of abuse if they do not obey these laws properly (ibid). In general, the phenomenon of sweatshops is usually received with negative connotations.
The Affected City or Cities: Sindhupalchok, Kathmandu, Bhaktapur The Country: Nepal The
There are various options for paving the patio or driveway. If you are looking for the most economical option, than asphalt paving is the solution. However, you will lose on aesthetic appeal. The other two options that remain for paving is pavers and concrete material. Before you choose any one of them, know the different between them.
Describe the auspices of your agency (i.e. public, private-non-profit, proprietary, etc.) BUILD is a non-for profit 401c3 agency that consist of many high impact programs to help improve the lives of the at risk youth in the communities it serves. All funds that are donated or earned at BUILD is used to successfully pursue the organizations mission.
Furthermore, if the annual growth rate remains at 8,1%, the urban area will reach 74179.8 hectares in 2030” (Ascoura). The data facts and estimations show the size and population of Mecca are rapidly increasing from the year 1995. With more people going to pilgrimage and the urban growth of Mecca each year, more businesses involved with pilgrimage and local people in Mecca will continue to earn money by opening restaurant and hotels. Local people in Mecca can also make money by starting currancy exchange and retail shop businesses (“The Economics of the Saudi Pilgrimage Season”).
By 1961 the first school was built in the Everest region of Nepal. The Himalayan Trust operates from New Zealand. It maintains a small staff, preferring to work through partnerships with local organisations in Nepal. Recently, a massive earthquake occurred in Nepal and 25% of the building built by the Trust was destroyed. The Trust now continues to build and rebuild schools, health clinics and water treatment facilities.
Every building I have been in my life whether it has been by it or had gotten its material from a place that had used concret at one point. If it wasn’t for concret many dams wouldn’t be made because most of them use concrete to build them like the Hoover Dam or the one use
Most of the Nepalese are making their livings by farming or handicrafts at home. In Nepal generally two major groups of people can be found in high Himalayan region and Tibetan origin. People need to work for their family to eat in Nepal. But in America the family remains central to society, and more than half of unmarried adults between the ages of 18 and 24 still live with their parents. In America, a major percentage of all working Americans are women.
These suppliers are concentrated in Jakarta and can be purchased from for just-in-time procurement. The number of suppliers of this input is high as these materials can be procured from foreign suppliers as well. The cost of switching to another supplier is low and therefore, suppliers of this degree have little bargaining power. However, businesses in the mattress industry compete on technological superiority.
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5.1 Introduction The impact of recession has been felt throughout the world. This study is an effort to analyse the impact of the recession in India, especially in the construction industry. The impact of the recession has been different in countries around the world. The way the recession has affected the various industries of each nation is also different.
Its significant role in Australian agricultural industry has allowed this company to gain integrity and trustworthiness in the eyes of the market. Furthermore, GrainCorp‟s great operation is also supported by its large capital assets, including 7 bulk grain ports, which enable it to operate more efficiently and serve greater number of customers. Thus, applying economic of scale factor, GrainCorp is able to maximize its production at minimal costs so that competitive prices for its products and services can be offered. In addition, in order to satisfy its customers and retain its market share, GrainCorp also has the ability to differentiate its offers through grain-product customization to meet particular needs of its customers; thus, results in superior offerings.
1.0 Introduction 1.1 Mission statement: Bolt Ironmongery will set up and establish as a supplier of quality of ironmongery and access control selling into the Irish Construction market .The target market will be all aspects of construction from large commercial projects right through to smaller domestic projects targeting all sizes of building contractors, developers, architects, interior designers, site accommodation co’s, maintenance and the general public. The channels of sales will be through a trade counter and showroom set up in the ABS building on the Nangor Road and also through an internal and external sales team. Bolt aims to provide an excellent customer service and superior quality product alternative and value for money to their
Motilal oswal securities Ltd The Motilal oswal ltd company was the parent company of the Motilal oswal securities ltd, it was the subsidiary company. Motilal Oswal Company was established by Motilal oswal and Raamdeo agarwal in 1987 and gets the membership from the BSE. It got it final certificate of registration approval in the year 2010 from the securities and exchange board of India regarding the setup and expansion of the business of mutual funds in the country. Motilal oswal securities ltd was incorporated in the year 1994 and its main business is stock broking and wealth management. Motilal Oswal Company has 99.95 % holdings previously which became 100 % holdings In Motilal securities ltd .It was one of the subsidiary company of the
Roman Architecture Page 1 Roman Architecture University of the People 2015 October 15, 2015 Roman Architecture Page 2 Roman architecture is world renowned and recognized for its stunning and elaborate arches. Roman arches were used to build bridges, sewers, amphitheaters, aqueducts, triumphal arches, temples and palaces. Many believe that the arch is the most important architectural invention in history (Muscato, n.d.). This paper will explore the development of the arch as well as the development of concrete and its role in Roman architecture.
Introduction The development of concrete and arches in Ancient Rome added to Rome’s reputation as a practical and rich empire ahead of its contemporaries. Romans used concrete and arches to improve their architecture, their sanitation, their defense, and their roads. Development of Concrete Opus caementicium, or Roman concrete was first developed in the early second century B.C.E (Cartwright, 2013). The concrete of the Ancient Romans was developed from the chocolate colored volcanic earth named pozzolana found near Puteoli and discovered around Rome(Ambler, n.d., Cartwright,2013).