Cocoa Production In Nigeria
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is an important cash crop in Nigeria that contributed as high as 15% to the total Nigerian export in the 1970s (Oluyole, Yusuf and Alao (2013). The crop was introduced to Nigeria in 1887 (Ayorinde, 1966) and in 1960s, Nigeria became the second largest producer in the world (Adegbola and Abe, 1983). It therefore became the most important agricultural export crop in the 1960/70, contributing significantly to the foreign exchange earnings of the country.
The product increased gradually to 308,000 Metric tons in 1970/71 which made Nigeria the largest producer of Cocoa in West Africa (Nmadu, Sallawu and Omojeso, 2015). However, the production suffered a declined trend shortly
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Oluyole et al. (2013) attributed the decline to owner management system where shared management system of cocoa was recommeded. Similarly, Oduwole (2004) identified ageing cocoa trees as one of the factors responsible for the decline in production, especially in South-western Nigeria. The study documented that many farms were over 40 years old and such farms constitute as much as 60% of the cocoa farms in Nigeria. In a similar study of sustainable rehabilitation option for smallholder farmers in Nigeria by Daramola, Fuwape, Ofuya, Okunlola, Ajibefun, Okuku, Oke, Aladesaiye, Badaru, and Olaiya (2003) observed that most cocoa farms in Nigeria are very old with low productivity. In addition, IITA (2006) bulletin reported that Cocoa production decline over the past several decades because of inadequate access to improved technologies, high costs of and limited access to inputs and credit, poor marketing, and a major shift in emphasis on agricultural policies. Thus, adequate supply of inputs such as improved seed and other productive assets, land inclusive and sustainable management practices and improved technologies are prerequisite for cocoa productivity to be increased and the restoration of the old glory of being the leading producer in West Africa is to be achieved. This may only be achived with adoption of best practices in the production value chain of this
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