Introduction
Colgate Palmolive is fast growing company in Pakistan having more than 100 products. They have more than 100 products for daily use and they have 2 factories in Pakistan. Currently, Colgate Palmolive is going to install SAP ERP (Package 2) and they are going to apply mixture of following change models to bring the change in finance and logistics business processes.
SCENERIO
I am working as Operations Manager in Colgate Palmolive Pakistan. There was board meeting held in last and I was also attended it. The meeting was all about to bring change in whole company software. The board of directors has decided to install SAP ERP (package 2). They feel that this software will bring strategic change in finance and logistics business processes.
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As Bhatt (2000) expressed that, the most imperative part of an organisation, experimentally, is its human asset as Knowledge Managers regularly say it is 70% of the exertion required, Process is 20% and Technology is 10% of it. Lewin 's model accept that one must strike a harmony between the wellsprings of changes and strengths that oppose change (Appelbaum, et al., 1998). Lewin perceived three phases of progress as:
1-Unfreeze- Most individuals endeavor to reject change. With a specific endaa goal to conquer this propensity, a time of softening or unfreezing must started through inspiration.
2-Transition/Change- Once change is started, the organisation moves into a move perioda, which may keep going for quite a while. Satisfactory authority and consolidation is essential for the procedure to be fruitful.
3. Refreeze – After that change has been acknowledged and effectively actualized, the organization gets to be steady once more, and staffs refreezes as they work under the new rules.
Kurt Levin’s 3 stages model 's advantages and
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2-McKinsey 7-S Model
The McKinsey 7-S model offers an all encompassing way to deal with authoritative change. This model which made by Robert Waterman, Tom Diminishes, Richard Pascale, and Anthony Athos amid a meeting in 1978, has 7 variables filling in as an aggregate specialist of progress together:
1-Strategy: Gets ready for the distribution of organizations rare assets, after some time, to achieve distinguished objectives environment, rivalry, clients.
2-Structure: The way the organisation 's units identify with each other: brought together, practical divisions (top-down); decentralized (the pattern in bigger organisations); framework, system, holding, and so on.
3-System: The methodology forms furthermore, schedules that describe how imperative work is to be done: money related systems; employing, advancement furthermore, execution evaluation systems; data systems.
4-Shared Values: The interconnecting centre of McKinsey 's model is: Shared Values. What does the organization stands for and what it believes in central beliefs and attitudes.
5-Style: Cultural style of the organization and how key managers behave in achieving the organizations goals and management styles.
6-Staff: Numbers and types of personnel within the
Transition is often a definitive word for an unfathomable time in one’s life. Synonyms to transition is change, conversion, and metamorphosis. They all mean the same thing when it happens to someone-when everything changes. In the novel Fangirl, Cath experiences a rapid transition period when she goes to college.
Organizational Structures and Levels of Authority Organizational structure dictates an organizations way of arranging roles and people. This structure is arranged in a way to get the best work as efficiently as possible. In smaller companies face to face communication is the norm and formal structure may not be necessary. In a larger company with various layers thee must be very clearly defined lines. Leaders are responsible for the ultimate outcome even if they are not performing the everyday tasks.
McWhinney theory of problem-solving has identified a series of different approaches to solving complex problems in the organisation based on how the company views the realities, problem-solving and change management process. The Modes of change or approaches are formed by combining the four realities or worldviews into six distinct combinations. The different modes of change described in the McWhinney problem-solving model include Analytic, Assertive, Influential, Evaluative, Inventive and Emergent.
This phase encompasses developing a thorough plan, giving this plan to employees, develop a timeline, and fully develop communication skills. Phase 2 involves communicating with those that may be affected with the change, assess driving and restraining forces, and responding to concerns about projected change. In phase 3, a change agent should be identified. Change agents do not always have to be a manager or employee of the organization. If looking at an external change agent, always take into consideration that external change agents can be more objective than internal ones, but can be costly, take more time to assimilate duties and be seen as a threat by other team members (Mitchell, 2013).
An Improvisational Model for Managing Change: The Orlikowski and Hofman's alternative model recognizes three types of change. Anticipated changes occur as intended. Emergent changes arise during the process. And opportunity-based changes are introduced during the process in response to an opportunity, event, or breakdown.
Phases of Change is an expanded version of Lewin’s Three-Step Theory. Lippitt’s change theory focuses on the change agent instead of change itself. Lewin’s change model makes efforts to examine the forces (restraining or driving) that influences change. For Prochaska and DiClemente’s change theory the model is not linear but cyclical.
If employees don’t change their attitude and old practices to embrace new ones ;it will break the company. Resistance is something that every company experiences. Many employees tend to resist to changes. Reinforcement should be applied. There is three stages of the Lewin’s change model which are unfreezing,changing and refreezing.
Unlike Lippitt’s change theory, Lewin emphasised on teams or work groups to bring about change. The reason being people in an organisation work in groups, and that individual behaviour will have to be conformed to the groups’ norms and fundamental practices (Burnes, 2009). “Unfreezing” is the stage to destabilize the current equilibrium so as to initiate change. According to Kurt Lewin’s Force Field Analysis (Lewin 1951), behaviour is a force in equilibrium and change will only occur when there is a disequilibrium in the force. The most important step for this stage is to identify the change focus, which in this case is the implementation of eIMR in the ED.
Abstract The strategic change cycle is one of the processes within strategic planning. This cycle is a ten-step process created to assist organizations in meeting their mandates, satisfying their missions, and constructing public value. “Strategic planning is intended to enhance an organization’s ability to think, act, and learn strategically” (Bryson & Alston, 2011). Introduction Strategic planning is “a deliberate, disciplined effort to produce fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organization (or other Entity) is, what it does, and why it does it” (Bryson & Alston, 2011).
Developed in the early 1980s by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, two consultants working at the McKinsey & Company consulting firm, the basic premise of the model is that there are seven internal aspects of an organization that need to be aligned if it is to be successful. The 7-S model can be used in a wide variety of situations where an alignment perspective is useful to help us: - Improve the performance of a company. - Examine the likely effects of future changes within a company. - Align departments and processes during a merger or acquisition.
Here 70% of our business is done with military so in military terms logistics means the organization of moving, housing and supplying troops and equipment’s. No doubt logistics is an important activity as there is a process for doing a work and there must be proper coordination and cooperation. Lack of proper coordination means, high chance of getting errors in work. This case analysis focus on providing the recommendations to the top management to make sure their activities are going smoothly in the market and they can be ahead from their competitors in this competitive world. In easy words, the organization wants to improve their delivery to their customers.
Transition and change. Two interrelated yet very distinct concepts, which all too often, are used interchangeably; consequently, becoming indistinguishable. Change is an inevitable part of life, occurring regardless of whether planned or not, possessing the ability to drastically alter lives and produce a multitude of effects. Transition, while also an imminent life transpiration, occurs on a deeper more personal level, encompassing a shift in thought, behaviour and action (Mclean, 2011, pp. 79-81).
The program can proceed if all agents pivotal to the success of the change are engaged and a clear and concise vision for the future has been developed. Once the change model is in place, it is time to define the structure of change. Senior leaders should provide a clear path for communications and responsibility at each level. At this point I have realised that Change management is not an alternative to project management.
Organisational Structure Organisation Structure enables the division of labour, understand the patterns of coordination, communication and workflow, this also enables a form of formal power to individuals to drive the organisational activities towards the vision of the organisation. Figure 1 AFP Organisation Structure (Annual Report 30 June 2017) The organisation that we are looking at in this report is one of the most organised and structured sectors, Australian Federal Police(AFP). The organisation is known for its dedication, discipline and specialisation in maintaining the safety of people in Australia. The structure is a true example of top-down hierarchical structure.
Technology Development PTCL is working on latest technologies which make it able to perform effectively and satisfy their customers. By the use of ERP (enterprise resource planning),