Trachoma Case Studies

A. Protective part, which consists of a socket in the skull in which the eye ball lies, around it are the eyebrows or eyelashes and tear glands any defect in which could cause visual handicap. Trachoma or pink eye is a serious disease that is sometimes the cause of total blindness. Trachoma is a disease of the eyelids in which certain granules are produced and these irritate the eyes by some secretion; this disease can also affect the cornea and the conjunctiva of the eyes. It can lead to drooping of the lids that adversely affects vision.

B. The second part is the refractive part of the visual system that is designed to focus the light on the retina in which the cornea, the crystalline lens, the aqueous humour and the vitreous humour are involved.

Conditions like epilepsy, meningitis, hydrocephaly or brain tumor, which are the diseases of the central nervous system, affect the visual process. Conditions such as these affect the area of the brain where vision takes place, which is the seeing part of the brain. There may be certain other factors, before the child is born, which can create visual handicaps such as use of drugs, or poisoning or infections in the mother, and diseases such as syphilis or tumor can lead to cataract or retinal degeneration of children before birth, as is found in a large number of cases below the age of 5 which may be, to the extent of even 47.8 percent, as is made out by certain authorities. The causes of blindness in children after birth may be due to environmental conditions and conditions of disease as, for example, smallpox in this country is found to be the cause of a large number of cases of partial or total blindness as has been found by the author from the reports from different institutions for the blind. Malnutrition and unhealthy living conditions, as exist in poor families, cause different diseases of the eyes that, in the absence of adequate and timely medical facilities, lead to impairment of vision in many cases. It may be difficult, though, to exactly ascribe one cause condition to individual cases, as there could be some factors responsible for

They are devalued or ridiculed by normal children and they thus begin to feel small and inferior to them and this leads to maladjustment. Some studies show that the visually impaired children were found to be maladjusted in the school, although other studies do not support the view that these children suffer from any adjustment difficulty as compared to normal children. There may be differences of opinion but the significant factor, which can cause maladjustment in these children. Is the negative self-concept, which is based upon the attitude of seeing people in the home, in the school or in the community? The impaired are more drawn towards the impaired or the blind and they are more negatively disposed when they sense the attitude of seeing people towards them which gives them the feeling or inadequacy leading to some frustration and in this respect there is certainly some degree of maladjustment in their personal and social relationship. In a study conducted by bauman2 in which she compared 150 boys and girls attending residential school for the blind and an equal number of children attending normal day schools, she found by using personality inventories that the moderately visually impaired. The residential school subjects showed higher anxiety and insecurity in difficulties related to the home and parents and in problems of social and emotional adjustment than the impaired