CAUSES AND IMPACTS OF THE KOREAN WAR
The first military action of the cold war began on 25th June 1950 when the Korean War started, around 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to north and the pro-western Republic of Korea to the South. American troops had entered the war on Korea’s behalf but as far as the officials were concerned, it was a war against communism itself, the officials however feared that the outcome would lead to a wider war with Russia or may also eventually lead to the third World War! Over five million soldiers and civilians lost their lives when the War came to an end in 1953, which left such an impact on the Koran peninsula that the division can still be felt till date.
THE FORMATION OF TWO KOREAS
In August 1945 the aides at the State Department divided the Korean Peninsula into two halves along the 38th parallel with the Russians occupying the northern area and the United States occupying the southern area, this eventually lead to formation of two states with the southern side having the anti-communist dictator Syngman Rhee moving ahead with the support of the American government while in the north the people gained the support of Kim II Sung. The tension across the parallel was soaring and things were taking an uglier turn!
The war finally came into being on when DPRK crossed the demarcation and attacked on 25th June 1950. They
China had recently become communist and entered the conflict on North Korea’s side. The war dragged on for three more years before ending on July 27th, 1953, close to the original borders at the 38th parallel. It is also stated in document C that, “The war caused more than two million deaths, including over 50,000 Americans.” The Korean War demonstrated the United States’ policy of containment because they had invaded Korea to the try to stop communism from being able to spread. They also were able to arm the people who wanted democracy to fight alongside
Following WWII, the Allied powers split up the Korean peninsula similarly to how Germany had been divided, with the Soviets controlling the North and the US controlling the South. This led to a communist North Korea and non-communist South Korea, and when these two wanted to unify, both wanted to do so on their premises. The North, then attacked the South to take over as a way to unify, leading to a war between the two. The US, as well as other countries, entered the conflict between the nations in order to combat or advocate for the spread of communism. The United States, one of the countries opposing communism under was led at this time by President Harry Truman.
South Korea didn’t want to be a contribution to communism, where North Korea believed that communism was the solution to all problems. This invasion caused and all out war the involved many other countries like Russia and the US. As stated in “Document C”, Russia’s job was to help North Korea and promote their communists government, where the US was there to help South Korea promote their capitalism. Several years after continuously fighting on whether Korea should have a communist or capitalists government, the war finally ended. The country is still divided today and North Korea still remains communists leaving the US failing to stop communism.
The invasion of South Korea marked the first actual military combat of the Cold War, despite the fact that the Cold War started nearly three years sooner.1 Following the invasion, Harry S. Truman and the United Nations rushed into involvement, differing greatly from the peaceful setup of the previously relevant League of Nations. (Document C) In the early stages of the war, more citizens opposed it than supported it, leading to protests and frustration among citizens; however, by the end of the Korean War, significantly more Americans were content with the Korean War than were opposed. (Document D) With help from the United Nations, American and South Korean troops forced North Korean troops backward; and after a short failed attempt to conquer Korea in its entirety, South Korea once again settled for a division at the 38th parallel.
Korea’s history already determined it was a weak country, having been a pawn for Far Eastern powers, so Cold War had left it nearly destroyed with epidemics, poverty, limited education, and authoritarian rulers (LaFeber, 2008). In this state, Korea was left vulnerable to communism. In 1945, the 38th parallel marked the ally agreement of disarming the occupying Japanese military, however by the end of the Korean War, it would be the indivisible line that divided the country between communism and democracy (LaFeber, 2008). In June 1950, when North Korean troops passed the 38th parallel, President Truman gave the order for American air and naval units to move into action to aid South Korea and to show the United States’ opponents that “the United States was no longer content with mere “containment” but now aimed for liberation (LaFeber, 2008, p. 114). LaFeber (2008) explains President Truman’s intent, “
Why Can’t We Be Friends?: The Rise of Tension between the US and USSR post-WWII Dating back to at least the start of communism, the world saw the gradual rise of the Cold War between the United States of America (USA) and the United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). Although the Cold War was may have been inevitable because of these countries differing visions of economic policy, governmental systems, and the postwar world in general, it was during the years 1941-1949 when it became imminent. In this time, suspicion and tension between the Superpowers increased due to the battle between communism and capitalism, as well as their different governmental systems.
The Korean War began in the early hours of June 25, 1950. The North Korean troops carried out their surprise attack on South Korea without any declaration of war. The North and South had experienced some clashes along the 38th parallel before, where North and South Korea had been divided. However, they never had such an unexpected attack in the Southern Camp. They were completely unprepared and weren’t properly equipped for such a sudden event.
Following WWII, in 1945, the division of Korea was initiated. The Soviet Union established a pro-communist government on the Northside of Korea and Americans created a pro-democratic government on the Southside of Korea. After the division, known as the 38th parallel, occurred, North Korea began to attack again. This attack consisted of both the South and North pushing each other farther from the 38th parallel until the Chinese troops drove them back to the 38th parallel. The United States and The Soviet Union knew the war was not going anywhere but still persisted to continue.
‘Under the leadership of the U.S, the South Korean forces pushed the invaders past the originally established 38th parallel, to the Yalu River that bordered the People's Republic of China (P.R.C). After which, the P.R.C quickly counter attacked and, after 2 years of futile war at the 38th parallel, agreed to the original border.’ (Crash Course, 2013). These excerpts from this source represent the widely accepted reasoning behind the actions that transpired during the war and indicate further information about the events within it. Evidence from both Professor Lee and Crash Course reveal the causes of the Korean War and the reasons for its proxy of the Cold War status.
As the Korean war was going on, the US’ presidential election was also coming closer, and before long, it was about time to elect a new president. One of the running candidates was a republican named Dwight D. Eisenhower. During his campaign, Eisenhower often criticized the US government’s handling of the Korean war, especially its inability to end the conflict between North and South Korea. Because of his criticism, on October 24, 1952, US president Truman challenged Eisenhower to find his own alternative solution. And in response, Eisenhower announced that if he were to get elected as president, he would go to Korea and handle the situation himself.
This is where the cold war got warmer. On June 25th, 1950 North Korea would invade South Korea and it became clear to the United States that this attack was planned by Moscow. President Truman responded by waging war under the United Nations and did not ask congress for a formal declaration of war. Truman ordered American forces and supplies to help South Korea and the Soviets did the same with North Korea (Koenig, The 1950's and the Cold War 4). So although the United States and Soviet Union both aided different sides in the Korean war they were not technically fighting directly against each other.
The attack comes without warning and President Harry Truman, with the help of the United Nations, vows to defend democratic South Korea. The Containment Policy stated that the US would support any nation that are being oppressed by communism and cannot protect themselves from it. This became America’s major reason to intervene in the Korean War. However, the policy of containment came under attack due casualties and economic issues that the policy created. One of the major effects that over extended the powers of American foreign policy is that it gave the US a reason to interfere with any war they wanted as long as it involved communism.
Beginning as a proxy war, the conflict in Korea would have the nation divided at the 38th parallel as agreed by the United States and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Until the years of 1945 to 1950, as both of the world’s greatest superpowers funded and supported the sides which shared their view. Espousing the views of communism and fighting in the Soviet Union’s stead was Kim Il-sung organized and created the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea while the United States sunk their support for the more southern Korea’s government known as the Republic of Korea led by nationalist Syngman Rhee (Schaller 980). The two Korean governments vied for total control and
In retrospect, however, the United States should not have entered the war. Not being a part of the war would have saved American lives and money, potentially eliminated PTSD in a generation on soldiers, and would have prevented the animosity that exist between the United States and North Korea that dominates the headlines today. The Korean War was fought between two major wars, Word War II and the Vietnam War. Due to being fought between these major wars, the Korean War is known as “The Forgotten War.” The Korean War started on June 25, 1950 and ended July 23, 1953.
After the war, in 1948, Korea was split in two. The Republic of Korea, controlled by the Allies, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, ruled by the Soviets. Both considering themselves the ruling government there was tension which led to North Korea’s invasion of the South on June 25th, 1950. This sparked the Korean war between the American and the Vietnamese. In 1953 the war was over and Korea was still split in two with a De militarized zone in between.