After independence, most African countries continues the ruling of the states based on institutions and laws inherited during colonialism. Most of these states centralized political, economic power and nation building was at the heart of their policies. Nation building was perceived as a way of bringing together tribes that were divided by artificial boundaries created by the colonial masters. This was a major step towards achieving development in the country. Statism was therefore adopted in Cameroon under Amadu Ahidjo as the solution to fight against discrimination, poverty, marginalization and consequently the best way to handle the post-colonial state and has also been used by the present regime headed by Biya to foster integration especially with the marginalization of the English-speaking part of the country. …show more content…
It has led to a highly centralized system with power concentrated in the hands of a few, created a sophisticated bureaucracy which has ensured the continuous expansion of corruption in the country. The essay will try to examine the concept of corrupt by looking at various perspectives to the concept, investigate the cause and factors that facilitate the continuous expansion of corruption in Cameroon while taking into consideration the complex relations that are created and the different context and perceptions of corruption. The essay will examine the causes of corruption, the manifestation of corruption in Cameroon. It will further assess the various anti -corruption measures that has been taken to curb the predominance of corruption in the country.
European countries tried to civilize Africa and succeeded in their movement on trying to imperialize them but only lead the Europeans to making a profit and nothing for the African workers. The only independent African states were Ethiopia and Liberia, the rest was ruled over strong European nations, like Britain and France. European nations ruled over Africa from the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s, King Leopold was one of the most notorious rulers over the African estates, Leopold ruled over the Congo free state and was considered to be one of the richest near his death. What motivated European nations to imperializing Africa were, money, resources, and nationalism.
The notion of centralized state system came out of black Africa. The towns’ centralized state system consisted of a chief, two appointed judges, and various laws. Within the town, they kept their culture intact. “African did not let go of their beliefs when they arrived in the Americas” (Diouf
Why do we see variation in first-term president 's corruption? Previous literature of regional comparative politics only provide limited accounts of presidential corruption. In this paper, I provide a theory that presidential term-limit matters with regard to first-term president 's corruption. I argue that when a president is elected at the first time, a president who is under single-term presidency---presidency under which a president cannot be reelected due to constitutional limit---is more likely to perpetrate corruption than under multi-term presidency---presidency under which a president can be reelected at least one more term. It is attributed to whether reelection incentive exists.
Towards the close of the nineteenth century and the start of the twentieth century, European imperialist governments in their quest to expand their territories for various reasons aggressively scrambled and invaded the African continent. Initially, the gullible African societies, most of which were decentralized, welcomed the foreigners but after realizing the stakes some mounted resistance (Johnston,43). As expected, the more sophisticated imperialist governments prevailed in most of the colonies and subdued the natives. The effects of the foreign presence were monumental, and it would take more than half a century for these colonies to free themselves from the oppressive rule and become independent governments. Until the late 1800’s,
At the turn of the century, Canada had just been a country for 37 years. In those years it had seen no wars and their only threat seemed to be the United States, with who they had been at peace for a century. Since 1896, the Laurier government had succeeded in building a new Canada that was more industrialized, more urban, more diversified in its ethnic composition and in the values of various interest groups. Unfortunately, Laurier’s success waned when the compromises he was making no longer satisfied both the English and the French of Canada. This paper is an examination of how the Naval Crisis, Reciprocity and the corruption imbedded in the Laurier government eliminated the chances of Laurier winning the 1911 Canadian election.
He claims, "We know that in the civilized world, there is no basis for the denial of self-determination" (Ojukwu). The notion that the Nigerian
“An in-depth analysis on effects of Imperialism on Rwanda” Nowadays, European countries such as England, France, Germany, Belgium, and many other countries possess a colossal clout throughout the world. It is an impeccable fact that such countries, indeed, have served as a rudiment pivot and step for the world to be advanced to the point where we are since the Industrial Revolution. Such countries, because of it, without a doubt, have a crucial status globally and become the superpower and commercial hub on our planet. On the back side of their gleaming growth, however, there is an invisible part left behind their luminous development: the Imperialism. The term “Imperialism” refers to a policy of extending a country’s authority and political clout by using its military forces and diplomacy.
He contends that when an individual or group is denied its major requirement for identity, security, acknowledgment or equivalent investment inside of the general public, extended conflict is inescapable. To determine such conflict, it is essential that needs that are debilitated be distinguished and along these lines rebuilding of connections or the social framework happen in a way that needs of all people and groups are suited (Burton John, 1991,p82). For instance, this model can be helpful in the cases of African conflicts, for example, that of Darfur, Burundi, Dr Congo and Rwanda conflicts, where there are limitations on opportunity and support of its nationals in political and monetary
People who share a common history should create an independent nation. In Cecil Rhodes “Confession of Faith,” the imperialist author his views and preferences on nationalism. During this time period, Africa was in a state where it could be taken over by Britain, due to the lack of a strong government. Rhodes envisions this opportunity “to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory.” This act is the result of imperialism, but not nationalism.
During the period of imperialism in Africa all of the countries were competing for the title of being the richest and the strongest. In fact, the whole scramble for Africa was an opportunity for countries to enhance their overall economy. For example, King Leopold II of Belgium was determined to get the area of land so he can become more wealthy. France’s politicians thought that an overseas company would strengthen the country when it came to wealth, prestige, and power, so as a result they invested in land more toward the west and north-west. Britain wanted to protect their trading routes which required them to purchase land in East Africa, and they they soon discovered the rewards of the land so the were determined to obtain as much as possible.
There are few countries with a history as vast and controversial as Ethiopia. While Ethiopia is an ancient country and the only African country to resist and remain independent from European colonization, it emerged with its present territorial boundary and ethnic makeup during the second half of the nineteenth century after a massive southward expansion of the Norther Abyssinian Empire (Jalata 1993). With no shared history of statehood, its people are fragmented into dozens of often mutually antagonistic ethnic kingdoms and tribes. A History of Modem Ethiopia is essentially an account of the construction of a unitary and modern state during the span of a hundred years, roughly between 1855 and 1955, under the auspices of four successive monarchs and in the face of domestic resistance and foreign aggression (Zewde,
TUNRADA W. 5504641993 Democracy and Corruption Does democracy produces or reduces corruption and how The question whether democracy produces or reduces corruption has been raised in the past decade observing the mixed evidences occurred across the world. Some democratic states tend to successfully overcome the problem of corruption, some in contrary faces with the more dramatic trouble than before. In the some unsuccessful, discourses were made blaming democracy as a tool for greedy agencies to take advantage from the people of the country.
The African Union is one of the world 's most dominant intergovernmental operations. The AU has clearly had reasonable achievements through its direct contribution and partnership with the international body to resolving and decreasing conflicts in some of the region’s hotbeds. This essay will cover its successes as well as weaknesses in terms of strengthening its ties amongst the member states through social, economic and political matters. The African Union came about in July 2002 and consists of 55 member countries.
With over a million Angolans killed and their development stunted, Angola’s political structure has been left broken, and their government is now weak and corrupt. The proxy war impacted the nations participating in the global fight between democracy and communism. While the war was a victory for democracy and affected the outcome of the Cold War, the civil war was very damaging to Angola itself. This is why many historians, along with myself, believe that the colonization of Angola was deleterious to Angola’s political structure and development. This can be seen in Angola’s transition from a relatively mighty kingdom, to a kingdom where the people were forced into labor by their settlers, to a country that became a battle field of a proxy war, and finally to a corrupt democracy.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BE A MECHANISM FOR EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. FORTUNATA MULEKUZI REGISTRATION NUMBER: PG201401993 A CONCEPT NOTE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNIVERSIDADE FERNANDO PESSOA AND OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA 2016 Background to the Problem The phenomenon international relations emerged at the beginning of the 20th century largely in the West and in particular in the United States as that country grew in power and influence. Bloomfield et al.