Health inequality and equity is best understood as a linking concept. To conclude if the one can constitute the other, we must first define them. Best defined health inequality is understood as various health states which individuals experience within their population (Ataguba, Akazil & Di Mclntyre, 2011). Whereas, health inequity refers to plausibly and systematically avoiding health difference through social structures or barriers (Braveman, Kumanyika, Fielding, LaVeist, Manderscheid & Troutman, 2011). In layman’s terms health inequity can refer to the fairness of a health system. With health inequity and health inequality being defined, we can hypothesize that inequality in health can constitute health inequity. For example, health inequality …show more content…
The dominant root causes for this health inequality is individuals culture, education, treatment and fear of stigmatization. Put forward, one of the major causes of the mortality rate between mothers and new born are the decision to not seeking out medical treatment from clinics or hospitals out stigmatization. (Kakuma, Kleintjies, Lund, Drew, Green & Flisher, 2010). Stigma is obtain paired with the fear of being judged by others (Silal et al., 2012). Silal et al. (2012) suggest that many women within rural communities often refrain from going to medical centres as they are often met with ill mistreatment, disrespect and are often spoken down to. This was demonstrated within Silal et al. (2012) study where a participant refrained from seeking medical assistance as she fear that by being young, poverty-stricken and still in school the nurses would treat her badly. Furthermore, Silal et al. (2012) also suggested that often women were mistreated by being turned away from the clinics as they far enough within the labour period, this would however, resulted in some still births as no one with medical training was around when they mother gave birth (Silal et al., 2012) Another root cause of maternal mortality rate is culture paired with education (Kakuma et al., 2010). Which is also rooted in poverty. As many women do not have access to health facilitates due to their location, they are often dependent on traditional healers rather than doctors (Ngomane & Fhumulani, 2010). As this is a constant within rural communities it often becomes a practice in which the community does not seek formal, western medical assistance, but uses the guidance of elders and rational healers (Ngomane & Fhumulani, 2010). Ngomane and Fhumulain (2010), put forward that many cultures believe that pregnancy needs to be preserved, both physically and spiritually. Therefore, some pregnant individual did not to hospitals or clinics as they were advised that there are evil spirits within the
The lecture, led by Dr. Christian Dimaano, discussed a variety of health disparities and then went into an in depth look at Henrietta Lacks, and the use of her cells in scientific research. He described health disparities as the differences of health problems between races, lifestyles, and mental processes. This was a very interesting topic for me, as a nursing major, I hadn’t really thought about health disparities before, so it was interesting to think about all of the potentially higher health risks that can occur simply because a patients race, or mental state. He also discussed the social determinants of heath and how things like your physical environment, economic stability, social community, and education can all influence your health. Dr. Dimaano also talked about how social determinants of health are health problems that you had no choice in, they are developed by factors such as sex, age, genes, medical care, and individual behaviors such as work and home life.
Many of them are uneducated, poor and unable to feed themselves. These mothers mentions large number of their infants
Healthcare equality is a critical component of a just and equitable society since it ensures that everyone has the opportunity to live a healthy and full life. Healthcare equity is a significant problem in the context of the NHS, as the system is responsible for providing healthcare services to all UK citizens. Nonetheless, there are major differences in access to healthcare services across England, with some communities having more difficulties than
Health Care in the US is arguably available to all who seek it but not everybody has had the same experience and treatment when walking through the doors of a healthcare facility. In many cases, people are discriminated against due to their gender, race/ethnicity, age, and income and are often provided with minimal service. Differences between groups in health coverage, access to care, and quality of care is majorly affected through these disparities. Income is a major factor and can cause groups of people to experience higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality relative to another group.
The term social determinants of health, can be defined as a ‘set of conditions in which people are born, grow up, live and work.’ These conditions include housing, education, financial security and the environment along with the healthcare service. (http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/438838/01.12_Health_inequalities_and_the_social_determinants_of_health.pdf) These factors are affected by the amount of money, power and resources that are available at a global, national and local level. Social determinants of health are linked to health inequalities according to the World Health Organisation, health inequalities are ‘the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries.’
This essay aims to identify and evaluate the inequalities in health care in different areas of society, namely disability and gender. Firstly, it is important to understand what we mean by health inequalities. It is commonly understood that health inequality refers to unjust differences in the health status, usually preventable, between different groups, populations or individuals. The existence of such inequalities is attributed to the unequal distributions of social, environmental and economic conditions within societies. Such conditions determine the risk of individuals getting ill, their ability to prevent sickness, as well as opportunities to access to the right treatments.
Kaiser Family Foundation (2012), health and health care despairs refer to differences in the health and health care between population groups. The health disparity generally refers to a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one population group relative to another. A health care disparity typically refers to the differences between groups in health coverage, access to care, and quality of care. While disparities are commonly viewed through the lens of race and ethnicity, they occur across many dimensions, including socioeconomic status, age, location, gender, disability status, and sexual orientation (HKFF,
Health disparities are inequitable and are directly related to the historical and current unequal distribution of social, political, economic, and environmental resources (CDC). 2. Which racial/ethnic groups are more likely to be affected by health disparities? Why?
This is why primary health care is of uttermost importance, the nurse in the community must try to help prevent, educate and overcome these inequalities and provide the highest standards of health for all, which is not based on want but need. For the
Health inequalities are preventable and unjust differences in health status experienced by certain population groups. People in lower socio-economic groups are more likely to experience chronic ill-health and die earlier than those who are more advantaged. Health inequalities are not only apparent between people of different socio-economic groups – they exist between different genders and different ethnic groups (“Health inequalities,” n.d.). The situation in which people are born, grow, develop, work and age are affected by social, economic, environmental and most importantly political factors.
This explains how pregnant women perceive the extent of the problem of maternal morbidity and mortality. If they see it as something serious or severe that can lead to complicated issues then there is need for them to take action. Perceived Susceptibility is another construct in HBM which refers to the personal risk or susceptibility which is one of the more powerful perceptions in prompting people to adopt healthier behaviour. Most women see themselves as being vulnerable to disease or death during the time of pregnancy due to the fact that different complains about their health always come up. This always gingers them in taking action to seek maternal health service from different places of their
Equal health opportunities should be given to each and every individual and discrepancy should not be practiced in terms of health leaving a person with compromised
Women who are weak are more likely to become pregnant involuntarily and may encounter meaningful obstacles when trying to approach reproductive healthcare duties. The cost of these services is one of the biggest obstacles for mothers who live in nanny poverty to obtaining generative healthcare. Many poor mothers are unable to pay for abortions and additional reproductive healthcare duties out of pocket due to their extreme cost. This may make it challenging for these women to receive the care they require. Other hurdles to accessing generative healthcare services for women in need may include a lack of transportation, a lack of services in their region, and stigma in seeking these services, apart from a financial one.
At the end of the projects, findings are presented at the Capstone Symposium for discussions and networking. This will be a great platform to work on my case study, share and learn new ideas on health inequalities. The School of Public Policy & Governance, University of Toronto runs a comprehensive Master of Public Policy program. With opportunities for collaborative programs, internships, gaining valuable interdisciplinary knowledge and policy experience; I anticipate several exposures towards a better understanding of health
B. Inequalities measure and state of the art B.1 Inequalities types and measurement Usually inequality refers to economic inequality that is either: income inequality, the distribution of income among a group, or wealth inequality, the difference (or the distribution) of quantity of money and valuable possessions. But it can also refer to education inequality, that is the difference in ease to a quality education, or healthcare inequality, that is the difference of difficulty in access to healthcare services. Economic inequality will be the focus here and more specifically the effect of this example of helicopter drop on income inequality, the amount of cash payment was too small to have had a measurable impact on wealth inequality.