Marine-Based Sources Of Water Pollution In The Caribbean
One of the threats that cause bad effects to the Caribbean is from the marine-based sources. In Caribbean, the marine-based sources that threated the coral reefs ecosystem are mostly come from the ships. These ships are discharged many sources of disposal into the sea included the sewage, ballast and bilge discharge, oil discharge and spills, dumping of garbage and other human waste from ships. This entire disposal contributes to nutrient pollution that leads to reef degradation. Besides from the pollution problem, anchors from ships also cause physical damage to coral reefs. Anchors could destroy the corals.
Figure 10: Marine-based sources of threat based on distance to ports, intensity of cruise ships visitation, and distance to oil and gas infrastructure, processing, and pipelines. (Source: WRI, Reefs in the Caribbean, 2004)
Sewage is the waste water from domestic, commercial and industrial sources carried via sewers. Within Caribbean region, sewage pollution mostly comes from the cruise ships. According to the 2006 “GIWA Regional Assessment 3b and 3c for Colombia, Venezuela, Central America and Mexico”, 472 653 m³/day of untreated sewage is discharged into the sea along the Colombian Caribbean coast. This sewage outflows causes marine pollution that threaten coral reef health.
Cruise ships release sewage others human waste in the water and on the shores of Caribbean islands. The Caribbean is an important oil-producing area, with most of this oil shipped within
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