Causes Of Sexual Harassment In The Workplace
Sexual harassment in the workplace: Social, Psychological, and Legal Solutions
Omar Hasbini
Lebanese American University
Sexual harassment can be defined as “unwanted conduct of a sexual nature, or other conduct based on sex affecting the dignity of women and men at work. Which include physical verbal and nonverbal conduct (Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC), 2005).” (Hunt, Davidson, Fielden and Hoel, 2010,p.655).
To frame the issue, it is documented that sexual harassment appears to affect women more, especially black women (Buchanan et al, 2007), particularly in male-dominated industries (Hunt et al, 2010). A possible reason for why being a black woman increases the chances of being sexually harassed is due to their perceived lower social status in the United States (Buchanan et al, 2007), and building upon this premise we could argue that lower social status could lead to increased risk of sexual harassment in other countries as well. This helps frame the problem and shows that being female and of lower social status are both risk factors.
When discussing sexual harassment specifically in the workplace, we find that it is mostly present in two forms. The first of which is termed “quid pro quo”, meaning implicit or explicit sexual advances for a tangible return such as promotion or salary increment. Whereas the second form is hostile sexual harassment and refers to sexual advances,
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