Causes Of Urbanization In Ghana
The world is increasingly becoming urbanized with about half of the world‘s population already living in urban areas. (Thomas, 2008; Olujimi 2009; Satterthwaite et al, 2010)[ ][ ][ ] .
The driving forces behind the rapid urbanization in Africa today are the twin processes of rural-urban migration and natural increase within towns and cities (Songsore, 2009; Thuo, 2010)[ ][ ].
By birth or through rural-urban migration, the poor of the world are increasingly concentrating in cities, both large and small. It is expected that very soon the majority of mankind will live in cities. By definition, cities are spatial concentrations of people and their economic and social activities, other than primarily agricultural. They are therefore both a concentration
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The rate of urban growth in Africa is very alarming and the continent is said to have the highest rate of urbanization globally, at 4.4% per year (Gwebu, 2004)[ ]. In the year 2000, owning to the combined effects of rural-urban migration and rapid rates of natural increase, 38% of the continent’s population lived in urban areas and the proportion was expected to increase to 47% by 2015 (Thuo, 2010).
Urbanization in Ghana is not different from other African countries. In 2000, 43.8% of the population constituted urban dwellers with a growth rate of 2.6% per annum as against 23.1% in 1960 (GSS, 2000)[ ]. Though the rate of urbanization in Africa is projected to rise to over 50% by the year 2030, Ghana has already achieved this with 51.5% of its population already living in urban areas (United Nations, 2008)[ ]. The population growth rate of the country now stands at 2.7% per annum (GSS, 2009)[
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Since 1984, annual GDP has grown rapidly, averaging 5.7 percent. This is no coincidence, no country in the industrial age has achieved significant economic growth without urbanization, and globally, there exist a strong correlation between per capita income and urbanization. This rapid economic growth has resulted in a reduction in poverty in both rural and urban areas of Ghana. Urbanization has also enabled higher quality education to reach a larger proportion of the population, and quality of life has improved for millions of Ghanaians as a result of greater access to urban services. Migration to urban areas has led to a structural transformation away from subsistence agriculture that has boosted Ghana’s economy, with an increase in industry and service jobs from 38 to 59 percent between 1992 and
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