4.4 EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY : To achieve the objective of the present study various procedural steps were followed. The studies and test that were performed for the development of CA nanosuspension have been explained as under. 4.4.1 : Preformulation study of CA : 4.4.1.1 Drug Characterization: 4.4.1.1.1 Organoleptic properties: The CA was analysed Organoleptic properties. The qualitative evaluation like colour, odour and taste of the drug was performed. Results have been depicted in table IV and that complies with USP standard for CA. Table No. IV: Characterization of Cefuroxime axetil. Sr.No Characteristics Observations Standard 1. Colour Pale yellow Off white to pale Yellow 2. Odour Odourless Odourless 3. Taste Bitter Bitter 4. Appearance …show more content…
The table no. X presents levels of variables in coded and actual forms. The factorial batches of CA loaded nanosuspension in coded and decoded form have been shown in table no. XI and XII respectively. Accurately weighed CA was dissolved in Acetone to form organic solutions containing of drug followed by addition of required quantity of Eudragit E-100. Pluronic F-127 was dissolved in water to obtain a series of anti-solvents with the concentrations of 2%, 4% (w/v). Both solutions were passed through a 0.45µm milli pore filter. The anti-solvent Pluronic F-127 water system was cooled to below3ºC in an ice-water bath. Then, 2ml of organic solution was quickly introduced into 100 ml of the precooled anti-solvent at a stirring speed of ultra turrax at 1000 rpm. After the anti-solvent precipitation, the samples were immediately transferred to a test tube of 2cm in diameter and 10cm in length and subjected to ultra sonication (PS 150 probe sonicator) at ultrasonic power input 150 W for (5, 10, 15 and 20 min respectively).The probe with a tip diameter of 6mm was immersed 10mmin the liquid, resulting in the wave traveling downwards and reflecting upwards. The period of ultrasound burst was set to9 s with a pause of 1 s between two ultrasound bursts. During the process, the temperature was controlled using an ice-water bath. The obtained nanosuspensions were concentrated by centrifugation at 16,000rpm for 40 min using an ultracentrifuge (REMI), followed by replacement of the supernatant with 2ml of acetone solution. The solid residue was redispersed using a bath sonicator (micro tonics) and the final drug content was adjusted to 20 mg/ml (drug weight/volume of nanosuspension) using an appropriate volume acetone solution. The optimized batch was freeze dried using Labcono freeze
Identification of an Unknown Compound using Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis Lauren Tremaglio Chemistry 1011 Lab, Section 16 Instructor: Steven Belina October 3, 2014 Our signatures indicate that this document represents the work completed by our group this semester. Experimental Design and Discussion of Results The objective of this experiment was to identify an unknown compound through quantitative and qualitative analysis. In order to find the identity of the unknown compound, an initial qualitative test for solubility was performed.
This poorer quality includes “ruined odor, taste, color, and texture”
In this lab, three unknown compounds were separated from a mixture and identified by melting point. Unknown mixture #124 has components of acid, base and neutral compound. The compounds were identified by melting point and matched up with the known melting points from a given list. In order to identify the compound it was important to separate by dissolving the mixture in an organic solvent which was not soluble in water, and then extracting the solution first with HCl, and then dilute sodium hydroxide solution. From the separation mixture, the aqueous layer were obtained and labeled as TT-1 (base), TT-2(acid) and TT-3 (neutral) in three different test tubes for later recovery.
Each sample of solution #3 being tested by the three reagents will have the most noticeable change in color in result of a positive reaction between solution #3 and the reagent. 5. We took three samples of three solutions, a positive control, and a negative control (fifteen test tubes total.) Each sample was tested by Benedict’s, Biuret’s, and Lugol’s Reagent for a reaction. The result of the reaction was then recorded in notes.
o Are the individual ingredients all present at active dose levels? o Is the dose spacing appropriate for each ingredient? o Is the recommended dose appropriate? (If not, discuss what dose / how much of the product would you recommend OR why it is not possible to recommend an appropriate dose.) How to present and submit your assignment •
Mode is property of the substance, such as color, taste
The two visualization methods are use short-wavelength ultraviolet lamp and use iodine vapor. For the first method, there are some spots appeared dark on the plate and some appeared blue. From the difference appearance, we can determine the composition of the analgesics. For the first method, there are some spots appeared light yellow or dark yellow. The difference colors can let us distinguish them.
With each reaction, the solution was vortex and centrifuged. The supernatant was collected in a separate tube and the pellet was reacted with 5 ml of acetone. In this experiment, the first supernatant of the three was accidently discarded, therefore only two of the three supernatants were collected for total volume of 10 ml of supernatant A, rather than 15 ml. Using the UltraSpec 3000, an absorbance spectrum was measured at various wavelengths from 400-700 nm (Figure 1). 80% acetone was used as a blank.
The yellow pale color skin tone for the
The third problem is the difference between the tastes
One unique thing in my writing process is the amount of time on proofreading that I spend on proofreading because it is more than the time that used in any other part of the writing process. Generally, I do not pay attention to spelling and grammar when I compose essays; thus, my first drafts typically contain abundant spelling and grammar mistakes no matter writing in English or my mother language. Due to this behavior, I rely on some online spelling check tools to ensure the readability of my writing assignments. One of my unique needs as I begin a writing assignment is that I prefer to write in the late night. I find that quality and of essays that I composed at midnight are better than any paper that I created in the daytime.
Literature describes yellow in decaying, rotten ways. Yellow written in Le Gallienne’s essay explains “yellow leads a roving, versatile life”(Clair 70). Gatsby’s
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Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide - Lab Report Background Information/Introduction: The aim of this lab is to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide by converting magnesium to magnesium oxide. As an alkali earth metal, magnesium reacts violently when heated with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide and magnesium nitride as a byproduct. In order to obtain only magnesium oxide, distilled water was added so that magnesium nitride will react and convert to magnesium hydroxide. Further heating then oxidizes all of the magnesium into magnesium oxide.
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