ipl-logo

Cellular Pathophysiology

1659 Words7 Pages

Pathophysiology
Cellular Pathophysiology There are two major neurpathologic finding in PD. The first is the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra which cause the motor symptoms. The other finding is the presentence of Lewy bodies which is related to the cognitive decline. It is now thought that PD is multifactorial when looking at neural cell death. In PD, there are three major contributing factors: inflammation, dysfunctional mitochondria, and oxidative stress that affect these neuropathic findings. Each of these factors can act alone, but normally is seen as a cascading event, which is triggered by epigenetics and genetic causes mentioned above.
When looking at the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the inflammatory response, …show more content…

Due to the loss of inhibition from the substantia nigra through the basal ganglia there is detrusor hyperactivity (American College of Physicians, 2012). This causes urinary symptoms related to difficulty in voiding, nocturnal polyuria, incontinences, and urinary retention. Sexual dysfunction in men and women is reportedly related to the length and severity of the disease; men have more difficulty with erectile dysfunction and women with inability to reach an orgasm. Complications would be urinary tract infection related to voiding problems such as incontinence and retention. There are dysfunctions of the thermoregulatory system due autonomic system and the presence of Lewy bodies in the hypothalamus (American College of Physicians, 2012). Many see changes in the skin related to intensification in sweating of the hands, arms, face, and back. Seborrheic dermatitis to the face and head is also seen in …show more content…

Age is the primary risk factor associated with PD. There is not a clear external cause but it is considered to be multifactorial in relation to genetics and epigenetics. The pathophysiology of the PD begins at a cellular level but have a systemic effect which encompasses most body systems and have devastating consequences.The treatment of PD is symptomatic approach. With the main pharmacological drug being levodopa. The use of therapies to increase patient independence continues to be a benefit in the treatment of PD. Complications are directly related to disease progression and pharmacologic treatment plans. There is a continued need for research to gain further understanding of the disease process that will assist with better treatment

Show More
Related

  • Robin Williams Research Paper

    882 Words  | 4 Pages

    Robin Williams and the Lewy Body Struggle On July 21, 1952 a boy named Robin Williams was born who would someday go on to be an Hollywood star. He would go on to entertain the world for decades with his hilarious comedy. To the regular person he seemed perfectly happy and healthy, but he was neither.

    Read More

  • What Causes Lyme Disease

    762 Words  | 4 Pages

    This would be the ideal time to conduct the study because symptoms will be most intense and significant during the early months of the disease. Although many other elements of the study will need to be taken into account, these suggestions are vital to the accuracy and likelihood of a successful

    Read More

  • Five Psychological Contributions To Robin Williams's Suicide

    561 Words  | 3 Pages

    Lewy Body Dementia is a type of Dementia and Parkinson's disease hybrid causing multiple medical issues and hallucinations. His wife also mentioned that “Williams was in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (Yahr). These medical issues affected his behavior and mental processes which led him to the ultimate decision of taking his life. Another major factor to his death is his behavioral issues.

    Read More

  • Botox Research Paper

    470 Words  | 2 Pages

    The amount of perspiration excreted in hyperhidrosis is far beyond what is required for the regulation of body temperature. The hand, feet, underarms and the groin are the most commonly affected areas but generalized hyperhidrosis, in which the whole body is affected, can also occur. The exact cause of hyperhidrosis is not known, but Botox treatment has been proven to reduce sweating. Botox is also used to reduce the appearance of facial lines and wrinkles. This cosmetic application of Botox is becoming increasingly popular.

    Read More

  • Leveodopa Research Paper

    195 Words  | 1 Pages

    In year 2000, Arvid Carlsson won a Nobel Prize for his historical discovery of a sensational drug Levodopa (L-DOPA), which is the most effective drug to cure for Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine, neurotransmitter, which is a chemical substance that passes through a barrier in which circulated blood is separated from the brain fluid initiate in the central nervous system, known as the blood-brain barrier. Nevertheless, the degeneration of cells in the substantia nigra region of the brain decreases the level of dopamine, which leads patients in suffering from depression and stiff muscle. L-DOPA was injected in Parkinsonian patients, resulting in an incredible effect but temporary. Moreover, patients diagnosed with L-DOPA,

    Read More

  • Pellagra Research Paper

    1227 Words  | 5 Pages

    Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, psychotic symptoms, peripheral neuritis, and emotional disturbances (Jagielska, Tomaszewicz-libudzic, and Brzozowska. 2007). Dermatitis usually presents in an erythematous rash, and may be especially severe in areas exposed to sunlight, with pigmentation and thickening of the skin. Heat and friction may make the rash worse. Pellagra is more common in people with risk factors for malnutrition such as those with anorexia nervosa, AIDS, chronic alcohol intake, and those living in poverty (Jagielska, Tomaszewicz-libudzic, and Brzozowska. 2007). There are at least two mechanisms in which niacin can alter brain function.

    Read More

  • Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)

    884 Words  | 4 Pages

    Symptoms of autonomic failure that are mostly commonly seen in the early stages of Multiple System Atrophy include, fainting spells, heart rate issues, erectile dysfunction, motor impairments, muscle tremor or loss of muscle coordination, difficulties with speech and walking, as well as bladder control. Most early symptoms of MSA are very common to those of Parkinson 's disease. Clients with MSA usually suffer from orthostatic hypotension as well. Orthostatic hypotension is when a client makes a sudden movement, such as going from sitting to standing, their blood pressure remains uncontrollable and drops suddenly, causing light headedness, or fainting (Multiple System Atrophy Fact Sheet, 2014, par.

    Read More

  • Parkinson's Case

    844 Words  | 4 Pages

    Upon reviewing Mr.AP’s case, there are five possibilities of what might actually be causing his symptoms. Firstly, his sexual impulsivity could be a new, significant problem associated with personality change totally unrelated to his Parkinson’s or secondly, his Parkinson’s may be causing brain-related personality and behavioural change. Thirdly, his medication for his Parkinson’s may be causing adverse psychological side-effects or fourthly, he may be having psychological difficulties adjusting to his declining physical health and recent diagnosis of Parkinson’s. Finally, his sexual impulsivity might be complicated by wider long-standing problems in his relationship with his wife, unmasked by his recent retirement and/or the burden of the

    Read More

  • Parkinson's Disease Research Paper

    1064 Words  | 5 Pages

    Parkinson 's disease is classified as a disease that impairs bodily movement by affecting the nervous system. Van Den Eeden suggest that people under the age of years old have a 12 in 100,000% chance of getting Parkinson 's disease, while people over the age of 50 years old have about 44 in 100,000% chance in getting Parkinson 's. Problems that are associated with Parkinson 's disease include tremors, bradykinesia, and postural instability; all exhibit some forms of motor loss or involuntary movement. In an article Thomas wrote on Parkinson 's disease he suggest that medications that are being used to treat Parkinson 's disease are only providing temporary treatment for the dopaminergic neurons. Current treatments are not affecting the

    Read More

  • The Movie Awakenings

    795 Words  | 4 Pages

    Most of the doctors working in the institution refused to believe that the patients were still alive and aware, because, as Dr. Peter Ingham stated in the movie, “The alternative is unthinkable.” Imagine being trapped in your own body, unable to move or cry for help. This is what the victims of this strange disease had to endure for decades, up until the point that they were cured by Levodopa, if only for a short period of time. Though as the successfulness of L-dopa began to erode, and with it, the patient’s motor skills and their ability to take part in everyday life, many chose to remain on the drug, clinging to a thin thread tethering them to the rest of the physical world.

    Read More

  • Paget's Disease: A Case Study Essay

    595 Words  | 3 Pages

    Some of these treatment include acupuncture, TENS, massage, aromatherapy (Sutcliff, 2010). Other examples include walking aids, raised shoes and adapted the homes to suit the needs of the patients with severe deformities, deformities of Paget’s disease that might be worsened by vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake or exposure to toxin (Sutcliff, 2010; Visconti et al, 2010). Patients have reported this forms of therapy to be beneficial, however, very many of these treatment have not been systematically been researched to scientifically prove the benefits of treatment (Sutcliff, 2010). In other to increase and maximise the chances of a patient developing less complications and living a better quality of life early diagnosis and intervention is very key (Ralston, 2014). Genetic testing for mutations such as SQSTM1 in patients with a family history of disease if the disease (Ralston, 2014).

    Read More

  • Banish Acne Scar

    1171 Words  | 5 Pages

    Having oily skin due to sebaceous glands that are too active, is

    Read More

  • Research Paper On Huntington's Disease

    1050 Words  | 5 Pages

    HD deteriorates an individual’s mental and physical abilities during their most productive years of life and it has no cure. In the later stages of the disease, full time care is required for the patient, with existing non-drug and pharmaceutical interventions being able to relieve a majority of its symptoms. It is interesting to note that the disorder has a higher probability of affecting individuals of Western European decent compared to those of African or Asian ancestry and it affects both men and women (Ross and Tabrizi

    Read More

  • Parkinson's Disease: A Case Study

    1327 Words  | 6 Pages

    Proven that this disease cause cannot be traced or the reason behind the existence of this disease is unknown, it can be said that Parkinson’s

    Read More

  • The Human Body's Five Senses

    987 Words  | 4 Pages

    for a sufferer of PDD sitting itself is difficult; hands will either grip the chair with white knuckle intensity or will release the hold if the hands are not watched carefully, which in turn make the one to slide to the floor. The body of PDD victim becomes their dummy in many cases. no longer can one trust the body to “just walk” or “just sit” if Each movement is carefully analyzed and put into motion;, the movement does not seem to be natural; opening a door becomes a arduous process of extend hand, tighten each finger, rotate knob, extend arm, raise foot, lower foot, and so on. People should not be unfocused by other foot, and who knows parts not directly involved in the current

    Read More

More about Cellular Pathophysiology

Open Document