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Oil And Gas Industry: A Case Study

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LOST CIRCULATION This is a major problem that affects the oil and gas industry, especially when they are drilling at an elevated temperature (HT). Water traps between casings, if not controlled can lead to casing failure as the well heats up (Feng et al., 2012). Cement sheat is used mainly as a seal to isolate different zones of the formation, ensures that migration (movement) of hydrocarbon or water from one zone to another do not occur. In addition, it also serves as a protective measure to the casing from corrosion and shock loads during drilling (Smith, 1990). The high temperature encountered during drilling of HT (Higher Temperature) wells has increased from 200 to 4000F in the past centuries (Zang et al., 1990). As a result of using …show more content…

Additives are categorized as follows:
Setting Time Control Additive: Are powders that are introduced to extend or shorten the time it will take the cement slurry to set. Example, accelerators: These include additives that are introduced to reduce the time taken for the cement slurry to set (harden) or to increase the cement setting, but do not take part in increasing ultimate compressive strength of the cement, but only regulates the rate at which the strength develops. Some commonly used accelerator is calcium chloride (CaCl2), Sodium chloride (NaCl), seawater (H2O), and Econolite (Bernt et al., 2011).
Retarders: These include additives that are used in decreasing the set time of cement slurry or retards cement setting. Retarders do not actually decrease the ultimate compressive strength of the cement, but slows the rate at which the strength develops. The most commonly used retarders are natural lignosulfonates and sugars. The modern retarders are made from various synthetic compounds (Joel,

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