Central Venous Catheter (CVC)

Vena cava filters are small mechanical devices that are positioned in the vena cava with the sole purpose of preventing large blood clots from travelling from the legs to the pulmonary arteries. Clots reaching the arteries of the lungs may cause pulmonary embolism, which is a life-threatening condition. Aneurysms of the aorta as well as dissections may be treated with the use of endoluminal stent grafts. This requires the placement of a reinforcing tube within the affected parts of the

It allows the assessment of possible intra - or postoperative complications. With the aid of IVUS, disease progression and regression can be determined, cardiac transplant status can be evaluated and IVUS can be utelized in clinical research. The most common IVUS imaging is done on the coronary arteries. EUS-guided angiotherapy makes intravascular therapy possible and is done in conjunction with real time ultrasound investigation of thrombosis and hemostasis (Buthani,

Perfusion : Perfusion is the process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed in itsbiological tissue. The word is derived from the French verb "perfuser" meaning to "pour over or through"[3]. Tests verifying that adequate perfusion exists are a part of a patient's assessment process that are performed by medical or emergency personnel. The most common methods include evaluating a body's skin color, temperature, condition and capillary refill.

Breath sound is useful in diagnosing or monitoring respiratory disease and airway abnormalities, such as asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia and so on. It can be auscultate across chest wall with a stethoscope. A physician can auscultate breath sounds to detect

Of course there are complications if it is not treated quickly, because we all know that we can avoid financial problems in this life. COMPLICATIONS : • Tears in the wall and rupture of the aorta are the main complication of thoracic aortic aneurysm. A ruptured aneurysm is so dangerous that some people can die because of the internal bleeding. • Trouble swallowing, Loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, trouble breathing, pain at the back, intense chest pain, shortness of breath, low blood pressure and weakness or paralysis of one side of the body sometimes the other sign for Stroke, are the symptoms that your thoracic aortic aneurysm has

The nurse percusses the lobes of the lungs and over the heart to detect any abnormalities. During auscultation, the nurse places her stethoscope over the lungs and heart to detect abnormal breath sound e.g. stridor, rales, rhonchi etc. Assessment of the respiratory system will enable the nurse to detect the respiratory problems and to make good diagnosis for the patients. 5.3 Application in current Job Assessment of the respiratory system is essential and enables me to know the respiratory condition of my patients. During assessment, I take a comprehensive data of my patients to know and understand the patient’s respiratory condition and to know the factors that predisposes the patient

Figure 4  Lumbar Puncture In the few cases that are not recognized by CT the health care practitioner may consider performing a lumbar puncture to identify blood in the cerebrospinal fluid that runs in the subarachnoid space.  Angiography If the CT or the LP reveals the presence of blood angiography is performed to identify where the aneurysm is located and to plan treatment. Angiography where a catheter is threaded into the arteries of the brain and dye is injected while pictures are taken can demonstrate the anatomy of the arteries and uncover the presence and location of an aneurysm.

The diagnosis is based on the physical exam, chest X-ray and oxygen levels and by ruling out other diseases and conditions. 4.3.1 Imaging. A chest X-ray can reveal which parts of lungs and how much of the lungs have fluid in them and whether heart is enlarged. In addition chest x-ray demonstrate diffuse and extensive bilateral interstitial and alveolar infiltrates.

FETAL DISTRESS The terms fetal distress and birth asphyxia are broad terms which may point at an adverse condition affecting the fetus. Fetal distress is a a term used to describe a situation where the clinician feels that the fetus is hypoxic or acidotic or is at risk of becoming so and this concern is significant enough to warrant intervention, usually in the form of operative delivery100.

Most hematological malignancies, diseases of the central nervous system such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, multiple sclerosis and motor neuron disease are contraindications to ocular tissue donation as well. Other contraindications include recipients of transplanted organs, prior ocular surgery and ocular diseases that are likely to compromise the graft outcome as inflammation and malignancy. Eye Bank Association of America. Medical Standards. http://www.restoresight.org.

A summary of this paper is that of the central line and the peripherally inserted central catheter line. They are both catheters and the both are inserted into an artery going straight to your heart. How these two lines differ are in the periods that they can be left in. This paper will also outline the risks of initiating and having one of these put in, and also the instructions on how to initiate one to begin with. The intention of this paper is to explain the uses of, and differences between PICC lines and Central lines, as they do apply to the patients in today’s ever expanding medical practices.

Paints often develop difficulty breathing, cough, and wheezing. The pancreas is also frequently damaged in cystic fibrosis, which leads to recurrent pancreatitis, abdominal pain, diabetes, and malabsorption of nutrients. Patients that do not receive treatment typically progress and develop end-stage lung and pancreatic disease that may require organ transplantation. Due to the importance of this condition,

These observations emphasize diastolic heart failure as an important contributor to morbidity, mortality, and health care costs, and highlight the need for further research and clinical trials examining this condition. (Chatterjee 572). Differentiating between systolic and diastolic dysfunction is essential because their long-term treatments are. The treatments of choice in patients with systolic dysfunction are ACE inhibitors, digoxin, diuretics and beta blockers. In patients with diastolic dysfunction, the cornerstones of treatment depend on the underlying

Norag Lee claims,” Longer duration of urinary catheter drainage, positive contact precautions status and a history of catheterization appear to be associated with a higher risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized pediatric patients. Physicians should attempt to decrease the duration of catheterization, especially in patients who meet these criteria, to minimize the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection.” HAIs may be caused by any infectious agent, including bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative), fungi, and viruses, as well as other less common types of pathogens. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the most common pathogenic bacterium of nosocomial infections are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Certain fungi such as Candida albicans and aspergillus, as well as, viruses such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus and influenza can also lead to hospital-acquired

Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring This monitors the pressures in the right side of the heart and indirectly measures the left side of the heart. This is the most invasive catheter used in critical care, and routine use of the pulmonary artery (PA) catheter is controversial; it can assess many hemodynamic parameters such as PA systolic and diastolic, pulmonary MAP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), and cardiac output. Cardiac output is used to calculate other parameters such as cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). PAWP is also known as pulmonary artery occlusive pressure or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.