Cerebral Edema Research Paper

The radial nerve neuropathy can be manifested by paresthesia in the lateral 3.5 fingers and loss of the function of extensor muscles in the wrist and the figers (wrist drop). While the ulnar nerve neuropathy, can cause sensory loss or paresthesia in the medial 1.5 fingers and may result in claw hand. Femoral nerve injury The frequency of femoral nerve injury recorded in gynecologic surgeries has decreased in the recent years because of the orientation of the fact that the lateral plates of the self-retaining retractors can lead to femoral nerve compression. However, extended lithotomy position in the laparoscopic surgery still can cause femoral nerve stretching and result in its injury. A retrospective review estimated the femoral nerve motor injuries related to lithotomy position to be about 1 in 50000 surgeries (15).

Another problem that can cause cerebral palsy is abnormal development of the brain. Anything that changes or affects the brains normal development and leads to the way the brain transmits information to the muscles. It can be affected by mutations in the genes that play a role in the brain’s development, an infection in the mother, or trauma/injury to the unborn child’s head. The third problem that can cause cerebral palsy is intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) and stroke. Bleeding in the brain is very serious and dangerous because it can deprive the brain of blood, causing parts of the brain to die.

The aneurysm that Loeys and Marfan contains is Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm is an abnormal bulging or ballooning of the portion of the aorta the passes through the chest. The most common cause is atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries(AHA) Risk factors may include, aging, genetic conditions such as Marfan and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, Inflammation of the aorta, injury from falls or other trauma, and or, Syphilis. A patient with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm may not have or experience any symptoms until it begins to leak blood into the nearby tissue or expand. There are many symptoms such as hoarseness, swallowing problems, swelling in neck, chest or upper back pains, and many more to include.

Part of the intestine may die or start decaying due to the lack of blood supply to the intestine, which may lead to gangrene. This can be fatal, if not treated through immediate surgical intervention. What Are The Screening Methods For Incisional Hernia? Once a swelling, visible protrusion, or bulge is located, your doctor may suggest following tests: 1. Examining a scar or wound developed from a previous surgery to identify swelling, protrusion, or bulge 2.

If bleeding is still not controlled, arterial ligation, angiography and embolization may be required. Simultaneous treatment of the underlying cause is carried out. References 1. Epistaxis. In: Scott Brown’s Otolaryngology.

There are several procedures available for people who are disabled by frequent vertigo attacks despite drug treatment. The procedures aim to either reduce fluid pressure in the inner ear or destroy inner ear balance function. The least destructive of these procedures is called endolymphatic sac decompression. Essentially, the bone overlaying the endolymphatic sac is exposed and a thin sheet of flexible plastic material is placed over the ear. People who have severe, frequent episodes despite these treatments may need a surgical procedure.

Any type of glaucoma is when the nerve connecting the eye with the brain has been damaged. The damage causing glaucoma is usually due to high eye pressure. Whereas cataracts is a natural normally age related condition glaucoma is caused by the damage to the optic nerve. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma with a slower rate of vision loss. Open-angle glaucoma is caused by clogging of drainage canals which increases eye pressure.

Seizure (Epilepsy) is a cluster of behaviors (altered consciousness, characteristic motor patterns) that occurs in response to abnormal neurochemical activity in the brain. The normal pattern of the neuronal activity becomes disturbed, causing unusual sensations, emotions, behavior, convulsions, muscle spasms, and loss of consciousness. There are several types of seizures and can be caused by many different things or sometimes they just happen. One of the seizures is tonic/clonic seizures or grand mal seizures. This seizure affects the entire brain, it makes the body stiffen, followed by a phase of rapid muscle contractions (extreme shaking).

When suffering from peripheral neuropathy, it may feel like a stabbing or burning feeling. Peripheral neuropathy is a result of damage to your peripheral nerves, often causes weakness, numbness, and pain. Sometimes it can affect one nerve which is mononeuropathy, if it affects two or more in different areas then it’s called multiple mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy. Your peripheral nervous system sends information from your brain and spinal cord to the rest of your body. It can be caused by traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic problems, inherited causes, or even exposure to toxins.

Ullrich- Turner Syndrome can affect proper development of several body systems. There are a number of expected complications that will occur including heart problems, cardiovascular disease, hearing loss, kidney problems, immune disorders, dental problems, visual impairments, skeletal problems, pregnancy issues and thyroid issues. Defects in the main blood vessel leading out of the heart (aorta) increase the risk of a tear in the inner layer of the aorta (aortic dissection). A defect in the valve between the heart and the aorta may also increase the risk of a narrowing of the valve that cause heart problems. Cardiovascular disease is due to the increase of developing diseases of the heart and blood vessels.