Chapter 8 Antitrust And David Cluchey's

This investigation will scrutinize the question: To what extent did antitrust laws affect John D. Rockefeller’s company- Standard Oil? To analyze the effectiveness of the antitrust laws, the investigation will focus on the government policies and execution of said policies during the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era (1870-1920).

The 1912 Election and the Power of Progressivism: A Brief History with Documents by Brett Flehinger is about the four Presidential candidates during the election of 1912, their political parties and campaigns. The book shows how opposed each candidate 's platform was and which problems the candidates agreed on. The book has documents from this time to further aid in understanding what exactly was happening. None of the candidates, however, were as different as Theodore Roosevelt and his predecessor, William Howard Taft. Their platforms and ideas regarding trusts, direct democracy and courts and the constitution differed greatly, whilst they agreed on the important issue of women 's suffrage.

Thesis : After the Civil War, America was in a post-war boom. During the 1870-1890, big business moguls, such as Rockefeller and Carnegie, create huge corporations which not only affected the economy, but also affected the political realm of America. While many may assume that during the rise of these big business helped to change the economy and politics,  the real focus was on the responses formed by society, such as labor unions, increase public outcry, and political opposition groups that helped to change society.

1886 marked the invention of a caramel-colored soft drink created by John Pemberton. Coca-Cola got its name after two main ingredients, coca leaves and kola nuts. The Coca-Cola Company is suing Koke Company of America from using the word Koke on their products. They believe Koke Company of America is violating trademark infringement and is unfairly making and selling a beverage for which a trademark Coke has used. The Koke Company claims that the Coca-Cola Company contained cocaine (from coca leaves) in its product, which it no longer did. The trial court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, Coca-Cola Co, but the Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the ruling. Coca-Cola

As industry exponentially grew after the Civil War, the need for labor and materials to power newly-created manufacturing giants caused new social classes to form: the rich corporation owners and the poor laborers. Unfathomably rich Robber Barons, or plutocratic American Capitalists, dominated the economy and industry and profited from the slave-like work of millions of poor laborers during this time period. Moreover, the poor working class and the rich further divided by distribution of wealth. Therefore, exploitation of capitalism widened the gap between the rich and poor classes of America, and both newly-formed classes developed reasons for the change.

Robber barons, specifically Andrew Carnegie, an industrialist and John D. Rockefeller, a philanthropist, were the chosen, elite members of society according to the doctrine of Social Darwinism. Darwinism is when evolution occurs and the strongest organisms of an ecosystem survive and reproduce to outnumber the weaker, less fit organisms of an ecosystem. Similarly Social Darwinism follows the same concept, but in a capitalist sense of thought. Those who were able to exploit the Gilded Age’s laissez faire economy to their own benefit, like the robber barons Andrew Carnegie of Carnegie Steel and J. D. Rockefeller of Standard Oil, were the fittest members of society because they were able to survive in the grueling and ruthless free economy. By usurping all of the fresh yet unfit immigrants that were flowing into the States due to the rise of urbanization, these two men integrated these easily-manipulated people into their factories to augment their profits. Even further, these robber barons would often ruthlessly eradicate competition by buying out other companies to establish monopolies through the horizontal and vertical integration of production and product.

During the Gilded Age, and prior, the quality of America was unsatisfactory. Big businesses were more powerful than the national government due to trusts. Establishing trusts allowed for these big businesses to run their competition out of business and raise the price of a given product. Thus, consumers had no other option but to

Economy is the theory of trading something, in most cases, a currency of sorts, for a service or a good. The United States’ economy was first invented around the creation of the colonies. When the colonies declared independence from Britain, a more formal economy was developed to what it is today.the new world progressed from a small marginally successful economy to a large industrial economy by the late 18th century. Starting at trading of furs, we brought our newly found economy to light. This gave us a gate to the new superpower we didn 't know yet know about. The Federal Reserve runs and manages our economy on a daily basis, including the regulation of tax rates and controlling how much cash have in circulation. In the US economy, “[the]

The men who built America are viewed today as either “Robber Barons” or “Captains of Industry”. According to dictionary.com a Robber Baron is “a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices. A Captain of Industry is “a business leader whose means of accumulating a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way.” These men are Robber Barons rather than Captains of Industry because of the unfair ways they got to the top, the cruel ways they treated their workers, and the rivalries they created with each other.

In this essay McNeill expressed his great hatred for these Corporations even to go as far as saying “Monopoly is the last full fruit of the present industrial system. It is poisonous, but it is also seedless as it is soulless. It is the antithesis of the trade union. It is and must be a despotism.”(McNeill, 1896) McNeill was one of the very first people to understand the true danger of these trusts, he realized that these companies were just as powerful as the government and how they can bend their will to make anything happen “The monopolists seek to overcome their competitors and make them servitors to their will.” (McNeill, 1896) McNeill was more of a radical speaker then his fellow peers and had this belief that the wealthy were against the poor and were the real leaders of America “the plutocracy and aristocracy of wealth shall commit the final overt act in their conspiracy against liberty.” (McNeill, 1896) The fact that this ideal was in McNeill’s mind just shows the hatred between the two groups. McNeill died in 1906 and his work was greatly appreciated by his

To Whom It May Concern, my store was forced to close by the landlord who rented the property to my competitor across the street. I could not find any store within my reach to rent and I lost everything that I had. I slowly became depressed, stressed, and devastated. Up to this current time, I become upset or sadden at the memory of my lost store.

The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed by Congress in 1890. The Sherman Antitrust Act was the first measure put in place to allow free trade without any restrictions, and prohibited trusts in order to end them. This act gave Congress the right to regulate interstate commerce. Any restriction on free trade was marked as illegal and could result in fines and jail time. The Sherman Antitrust Act was basically a shield to protect people from the restriction of big corporations; in addition, this act had an immediate, threatening impact on the dominate businesses in the economy. The Standard Oil Company owned by John D. Rockefeller had a huge restriction on trade, resulting in violation of the Sherman Antitrust

In the late 1800s, with the rise of the industrial revolution, there were business titans make millions and curating monopoly. These men were known as Robber Barons, like Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P Morgan, Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. These men were buying up every business that had any relationship with their companies to corner the market and create monopolies. These men had no restrictions on their business practices during this time. The U.S was a free market system, there were no government regulations or restrictions on trust and monopolies, which let the robber barons run free and do want they want. In the 1820s the U.S. produced only <5% of the goods in the world economy, by the 1880s the U.S.

“Side Deals or Side Letters” : Every piece of business dealt by Apple must be in clear written form and should not be altered by means of mouth or writing after the day it goes into effect.

After this introduction, the authors begin the main argumentative section of the article. The first misconception, according to the authors, that patent enforcement cases are new is directly challenged through historical evidence. Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin, never physically created the product he invented and instead collected his livelihood from lawsuits against those infringing on his patent (26). This example directly refutes the notion that NPEs are a new phenomenon of the digital age while also supporting the greater underlying argument of the whole paper that NPEs are not only large companies but also individuals trying to make a living. The authors then address another misconceptions; the patents NPEs sue over are often trivial. According to research quoted in the article between 75 and 89 of the patents were not business method patents, but instead important communications and computers patents (27). The differences between these two are important in the legal world because business patents are patents on methods of doing business, which are intangible, while communications and computer patents are patents on important physical products. This key statistic invalidates another of the misconceptions that the authors