Chapter 8: Chapter Analysis
Although chapter 8 is not my favorite chapter in the book but it is a very important chapter. When it comes to the understanding of statistic and different methods one can use when conducted a survey research, chapter 8 layout multiple ways one can go to reach a meaningful result. For example, when conducted a research, instead of survey the whole population to find results or to draw conclusions based on the study, chapter 8 suggested that one should used a sampling because that will make it more easier and possible to select a few hundred or thousand people within the population for the study; and that way, one will discover things that apply to numerous people in the population who were not a part of the study.
Talk about sampling, there
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Despite that, one way this chapter can help increase knowledge on criminal justice issues is the fact that it suggests we should conscious of bias; especially, when sample is not fully representative of the larger population from which it was selected. For example, many law enforcement agencies believe that black and minorities made up a large percentage of criminals in this country, and they are more like to be up to no good. But if looked at it in the other way, maybe the law enforcement bias toward black and minority is the issue not the fact that minorities are more likely to be criminal because according to multiple research black and minority are 2 to 3 times more likely to be stopped by the police for minor violation than white in the United States (The Stanford Open Policing Project, 2017). Meanwhile, in U.K. they are “Now more than eight times more likely to be stopped by police than white people” (Cockburn, 2017). In those cases, since they are more likely to be stopped by the police that leads them to be more likely to be opened for search and more likely to be arrested. That is why I think chapter 8 is an important chapter when it comes to
Diversity In Criminal Justice
1577 Words | 7 PagesIntroduction Theoretical assumptions about diversity and contact theory inform the view that a more ethnically diverse criminal justice system will reveal a broader range of voices that can shape and influence policy and attitudinal changes for the better. The focal point of this essay is on the law enforcement branch of the criminal justice system. It makes the argument that diversity in the police force can help reduce levels of racial and ethnic bias as well as disproportionality to the extent that diversity is able to change or influence the occupational and institutional structures that create these disproportionalities. To make this claim, this essay will first show that there are indeed disproportionate outcomes in policing and attempt
Racial Profiling Summary
335 Words | 2 PagesMacDonald makes a lot of good points about how the politicization of criminal justice can hurt the entire field. I do not agree that racial profiling does not exist, but I do agree that political witch hunts and fishing expeditions are likely to punish good officers and limit their ability to do their jobs, while failing to ensure that minorities are treated equally. An unfortunate but valid point that she offers is that the disproportionate amount of minorities involved in incarceration does not indicate racial profiling, but just that more minorities are committing crimes (Macdonald, 2001). I’d like to say that I’m well aware that crime is a response to poverty, not ethnicity. The disproportionate amount of minorities below the poverty line
The Pros And Cons Of Hot Spot Policing
117 Words | 1 PagesBittner (1970:45) states that policing is inherently a discriminatory practice as police are distinguishing suspects from everyone else. Despite there being ethical and impartial police officers within the force, there are those officers are perceived as the ‘rotten apples’ in the force. These officers engage in corrupted behaviours by exhibiting discriminatory and prejudiced conduct towards minorities, as racial profiling can be seen as a practice of ‘hot spot policing’ by allocating their resources and time to areas of high-crime. However, this is in itself discriminatory because by allocating vast amount of resources to these areas of high-crime’, which are mostly of minority neighbourhoods, innocent individuals get caught in the crosshairs
Nypd's Stop-And-Frisk Law
846 Words | 4 PagesYet contradictory to profiled beliefs, minorities do not make up the main perpetrators of secondary crimes. Statistics point out that, “the likelihood a stop of an African American...yield[ing] a weapon [is] half that of [a] white New Yorker”. One in every 49 stops of Caucasians revealed a weapon, while it took one in every 71 stops of Hispanics and one in every 93 stops of African Americans to achieve such a feat. In addition
Stop Question And Frisk Case Study
1113 Words | 5 Pages2005, An Analysis of the NYPD 's stop and frisk policy in the context of the claim of racial bias by Andrew Gelman, Jeffrey Fagan, Alex Kiss is about the NYPD records of indicated that they were stopping black and Hispanics more often that they were stopping whites. Minorities are stopped twice as often for violent crimes and a weapons offense. Lower "hit rates" for non-whites is suggested as the targeting of minorities while another suggests dynamics of racial stereotyping and a more passive form of racial preference. Racial Incongruity stops in high rates of minority stop in predominantly white precincts. Being out of place is often a reason for suspicion.
Racial Disparity In Criminal Justice Case Study
1151 Words | 5 PagesAmerica’s criminal justice system is marred by a startling and unfair impact on marginalized communities. People of color are arrested, sentenced and incarcerated when compared to white people accused of similar
Michelle Alexander The Lockdown Analysis
718 Words | 3 PagesWe live in a society where ethnic minorities are target for every minimal action and/or crimes, which is a cause to be sentenced up to 50 years in jail. African Americans and Latinos are the ethnic minorities with highest policing crimes. In chapter two of Michelle Alexander’s book, The Lockdown, we are exposed to the different “crimes” that affects African American and Latino minorities. The criminal justice system is a topic discussed in this chapter that argues the inequality that people of color as well as other Americans are exposed to not knowing their rights. Incarceration rates, unreasonable suspicions, and pre-texts used by officers are things that play a huge role in encountering the criminal justice system, which affects the way
The Hive And Racial Profiling
98 Words | 1 PagesThe Hive has collected 18 such findings below. This list is not exhaustive, and does not purport to comment on the work of all police officers. It is, rather, merely a digest of the information available at present. Sometimes, studies and investigations reveal evidence of intentional bias; other studies point to broader societal and institutional factors that lead to implicit bias. Taken together, the research paints a picture of a nation where a citizen’s race may well affect their experience with police—whether an encounter ends with a traffic stop, the use of police force, or a fatal
Argumentative Essay On Racial Profiling
1530 Words | 7 PagesThroughout history, disputes and tensions between law enforcement officials and communities of minorities have endured hostility and violence between each other. Racial profiling has become a “hot topic” for researchers as well as for politicians and by now it is likely that most citizens are at least aware of the common accusations of racial bias pitted against law enforcement (Cochran & Warren, 2013). Communities of color are being discriminated against and racially profiled by white police officers for any suspicion of criminal activities. It has been widely assumed by policy makers and citizens alike that allegations of racial profiling are mostly associated with the policing practices of white officers and their treatment of racial and ethnic minorities (Cochran & Warren, 2013). Also, individuals of minority descent will certainly recognize that they are being racially profiled during a stop that is being conducted by a white police officer.
Injustice By Bryan Stevenson Summary
328 Words | 2 PagesBryan Stevenson negotiates the prejudice and intolerance within the criminal justice system, and the biases within based on economic and racial status. This book exposed myself to a deeper level of injustice inside our system than what I already had a conception of. Each story Bryan talks about hits on different subjects that opened my eyes to how our system truly treats minorities so coldly. Those of a different race, economic status, are treated far worse than we can imagine. Within the past few years racial injustices have began to gain more attention in the media, allowing awareness into the discrimination still present in our system.
Summary Of The Trayvon Martin And George Zimmerman Case
1182 Words | 5 PagesThe authors suggest that interventions aimed at reducing implicit biases and racial anxiety may be effective in reducing the incidence of police use of force against minority groups. They also emphasize the importance of addressing the connections of race and other social identities in understanding police behavior. As the article that was previously mentioned research has discovered that people of color tend to be “stopped, searched, arrested, and convicted of crimes, even when controlling for factors such as crime rates and other demographic characteristics” more than white individuals (Spencer). This goes on to show the logical reasoning behind the existence and impact of racial profiling and discrimination in the criminal justice system. Much of this information is gathered from academic resources provided on the school library website or from other educational institutes.
Guilty In To Kill A Mockingbird
940 Words | 4 PagesThe assumption that individuals or entire communities are guilty often has significant material implications. A study done by The Center for Policing Equity demonstrated recently that African Americans were much more likely to be subjected to the use of force, even at routine stops, than whites. This force is often fatal, even when the target is innocent. Because of the recent media frenzy about race and policing, it is important to first examine the ways in which people respond to the assumption that they are guilty, and then examine the most successful ways to respond. To be clear: this paper focuses entirely on people who are innocent but presumed guilty, and does not cover people who have committed crimes.
Summary Of The Color Line By Frederick Douglass
1044 Words | 5 PagesAn article written by Vox in 2018 probed the ‘criminalization of blackness’ and divulged into the unlawful implementation of racial profiling due to the suspicions ethnic minorities are met with in regard to the law. An exhibit of this can be seen in a particular instance taking place in Minnesota whereby four black teenagers were detained by police officers, with one drawing his weapon after a woman had called claiming the teenagers had used weapons to assault a white man. This later proved to be false (P.R. Lockhart, 2018). From this instance alone, it is unequivocal the phrase ‘innocent until proven guilty’; ironically stemming from the U.S. constitution, does not apply in the case of minority groups, furthermore, there is compelling data to suggest that black people are arrested disproportionately. In 2019-2020 there were six stops of white people per 1,000 which increased to eight in 2020-2021 in comparison to this black people were stopped and searched at 54 stops per 1,000 people (Gov.uk, 2022).
Annotated Bibliography: The New Jim Crow
1343 Words | 6 PagesCoker gives great evidence that supports racial injustice in the criminal justice system. She discusses on the Supreme Court’s rulings and accusations of racial preference in the system. This article is helpful because it supports my thesis on race playing a role on the system of criminal justice. Hurwitz, J., & Peffley, M. (1997). Public perceptions of race and crime: The role of racial stereotypes.
Diversity In Law Enforcement Essay
917 Words | 4 PagesAccording to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, departments that serve less than 2,500 people are 84.4% white and departments that serve millions are 53.4% white (as cited in Fifield, 2016). Notably, Over the years, a lack of diversity within law enforcement has become a pertinent issue. Notably, the underrepresentation of minorities within law enforcement influences the relationship between communities and law enforcement by engendering distrust with law enforcement. To say nothing of, underrepresentation of minorities have had many people question whether departments mirror a diverse community. Nevertheless, with that being said, underrepresentation of minorities have generated tension and distrust between communities and law enforcement and many believe that police department need to mirror the race composition within their cities.
More about Chapter 8: Chapter Analysis
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