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Chapter Summary And Analysis

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As chapter two discusses perennialism and how it is still present in our schools, I can relate it to how classrooms are set up as a lecture style setting. Teaching is based primarily on the Socratic method: oral exposition, lecture, and explication. Here is one curriculum for all students, with little room for elective subjects or vocational or technical subject matter (Ornstein and Hunkins text, p. 34). Essentialism within the schools still stand today with the demand to raise academic standards and changing standards (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017, p. 36). An example is the No Child Left Behind (NCLB). As schools are highly influenced by politics Progressivism is considered a contemporary reform movement in educational, social and political reform movement that characterized U.S. society around 1900 (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017, p. 39). The community, state, school board, and unions all have an influence in our school districts. Reconstructionism is present in our school districts as the philosophy is based on socialistic and utopian ideas (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017, p. 44). Students today are asked to challenge society which carries over …show more content…

Behaviorism emphasize conditioning behavior and altering the environment as we do in the classroom with having rules and procedures also setting up the environment for learning. Standards are posted, and students are seated in groups for collaboration. Cognitive information is defined as a theory that give insight into the nature of learning specifically how individuals generate structures of knowledge and how they create or learn reasoning and problem-solving strategies (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2017, p. 103). An example of how schools utilize cognitive information is starting education as early as possible and how a child develops impacts how children learn as well as to introduce social skills at

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