Two prominent authors are known for their argument of self-control being the primary cause of crime. Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) assert that self-control is the prominent cause of crime and is also linked to an array of life outcomes and behaviors (see Evans et al. 1997). Their work also suggests that low self-control has societal consequences that shape an individual's ability to succeed in social institutions and to avoid or form social relationships. Like minded criminologists argue that the relationship between crime and social failure is apparent.
The next key factor of the chapter is the social process theory. This theory considers the social connections and they situations this juvenile may face because of these connections (p. 125). This theory is broken down into the learning theory and the social control theory. The learning theory holds the assumption that delinquents commit crime because they learn from others around them. They find ways to defend themselves because of the acts of others (p. 125).
If you lock them up they will still get into drugs and be by gang members. They don’t have a way out, but if you find a way out in the community and have a way to build them up that is good. They need a good education program as well, so they can continue and grow as individuals. Another thing we forget about is the psychological and social characteristics of juvenile offenders. Some juveniles suffer from depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, anger, dissociation, severe personality disorder, and sexual problems.
Criminal profiling, also known as offender or psychological profiling has been defined differently by different scholars. It is defined as "an educational attempt to provide investigative agencies with specific information as to the type of individual who committed the crime". (Vernon J. G.,1996) It refers to criminal investigation techniques adopted to set up the profile of the offender who is more likely to commit certain crime by gathering evidence and information from the crime scene, victims and witnesses. (Norbert E., 2007) Whereas David Canter sees it as "criminal shadow" and says that psychological traces or patterns are often left behind by criminals. Adding more, he stated that personalities of criminals can be monitored through his
The 4 dimensions are: Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle and Antisocial. There are many other psychopathic killers, but I chose a villain psychopath named Andrei Chikatilo to introduce. Andrei Chikatilo is a lust serial killer who killed 53 (there may be less or more people killed. It is not certain) women and children in 8 years with 3 nicknames representing him, “the butcher of Rostov”, “the red ripper”, and “the Rostov ripper”. He was born on October 16, 1936 (Juan Ignacio Blanco, {Date unknown.})
This theory believes that crime rates are bound to the environment in which they are found. It looks at how social disorganization leads to the crime, committed by juveniles and how parents and families influence their children’s behavior. Delinquency areas have lower levels of social control over their youths. Children do not listen to their parents. The findings of the theory dictates that parents often encourage rather than discourage criminal behavior.
The differential association theory explains that so-called criminals learn the skills and attitudes necessary for their "job" of others who have already mastered them. According to this theory, the groups teach techniques, motivations, attitudes and rationalisations, like "definitions" that may or may not be favourable to the violation of law (Wright, Millar, 2006). "The theory of differential association therefore says that a person becomes delinquent when definitions favourable to violation of law prevail over the worst." Explains Massimo Pavarini (2003, page 120 and 121) in his book Control and Domination . Joining this thought to Merton; Can it be inferred that if the illegal conditions are more favourable than the legal order to achieve the social, the individual will be using illegal?
Minors who have gone through this system come through multiple times due to the fact that they do not learn their lesson or receive the help they need. We must repeal the juvenile system due to its copious faults. This system does not work which is why juveniles need to shape up. Juveniles should face trial as adults when they commit serious crimes because age does not justify crime and victims often suffer from these crimes forever. Whenever people say that juveniles should be subject to lesser sentences seeing as they are children, it makes no sense.
This approach to understanding and researching criminality brought in the idea of researching crime empirically. “Positivism aims to obtain objective facts, unlike interpretivism, which is subjective and is more concerned with uncovering the meaning behind actions, and has three basic premises; measurement (quantification), objectivity (neutrality), and causality (determinism).” (Hagan 2010: 117).The Positivist Paradigm presumes that criminals are essentially different from non-criminals by certain factors that are psychological (mental illness, weak conscience), biological (physical characteristics, intelligence, medical factors (adrenaline, testosterone) or sociological and sometimes it’s a combination of all these factors. This means that offenders are without free will therefore are absent of choice in whether to be involved in a criminal act or not and can deny any responsibility of the violent
Delinquency refers to a set of behaviours that are not in line with the societal norms or collective practices of a social group. Delinquents also violate established criminal codes and laws, incorporating not only general criminal activities but also conducts that are only unlawful for youths such as running away from home or school. According to Shumaker, (1997), current research into this difficult and pressing issue reflects a vast range of theories, predictors of delinquency as well as different strategies of controlling and reducing delinquency. The consensus among practitioners and researchers however maintains that juvenile delinquency is a dynamic, multifaceted problem with numerous potentially causal factors, some of which present dysfunction at several levels. Some of these factors include conflict within the family, a lack of adequate supervision or rules, distinct lack of parental attachment, instability, poverty, parental expectations, and inconsistent discipline, Shumaker (1997).