Chemical Reactions Lab Report

A lab was conducted to test the reactivity of metals in single-replacement reactions. This lab was done to solve the problem of which metals will replace each other in single-replacement reactions. A single replacement reaction is a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another. It was presumed before the experiment that the location of the metal on the Activity Series chart would thus determine the reactivity of the metal. Copper, magnesium, iron, and zinc were all tested in the same five solution compounds; which included hydrochloric acid, sulfate, magnesium chloride, iron chloride, and zinc chloride. Observations of chemical changes within the reaction were recorded to describe the results of the reaction and each metal's reactivity. An example of a single replacement reaction is the Statue of Liberty, which has copper on the outside and iron as an inner support. As time went by, the copper started to react with air and form a verdigris coat, or a bright bluish-green patina. Meanwhile, a single replacement reaction between iron and verdigris takes place so that Verdigris on the outside is replaced back to copper but the iron support is oxidized and rusted. As a result of this reaction, approximately 1800 iron

In cycle one, the double displacement reaction, Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) occurred, the result of the reaction was that the reaction mixture began to bubble with the copper filling dissolving and a vapor like substance leaving the reaction. Furthermore, when water was added, the color change, from brown to a blue color pigment. Then in Cycle two, another double displacement reaction occurred, Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Cu(OH)2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq), which resulted in the reaction becoming cloudy and a darker shade of blue. Following cycle two, a decomposition reaction occurred as the result of heat being administered to the mixture, thus the following reaction occurred in cycle three, Cu(OH)2(s) → CuO(s) + H2O(l). As a

One purpose of a Wittig reaction is the formation of alkenes from aldehydes or ketones

will learn about chemistry. I did elephant’s toothpaste for my science project this year. I hope you learn from this project.

Chemistry is one thing that makes us understand and gives us reasons of why certain reactions gives certain results. In this experiment we will be illustrating the reaction between baking powder and vinegar and see what happens to the balloon that is attached to it. Hypothetically the reaction of the vinegar and baking powder will produce carbon dioxide which will inflate the balloon. If the more vinegar may happen that when more vinegar is added to the baking powder it may produce more carbon dioxide thus the balloons diameter increases. This reaction is an acid base reaction thus results expected to show some carbon dioxide.

Alka-Seltzer is something that when it gets put into water it has a chemical reaction because it starts to bubble up and when it starts to bubble up the bubbles are carbon dioxide gas.

2. The color of the copper carbonate hydrate as it was heated can help identify the product?

This lab’s end result was to correctly identify each unknown solution using prior knowledge of chemical properties and the results of the first experiment conducted. Unknown solution D was the only colored solution, being blue while the others were clear. This made it easy to then match D up to Copper Sulfate because of its color. As unknown A and B were added together, lots of gaseous bubbles formed and revealed the fact that that reaction was the reaction between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Carbonate because it was the only reaction that produced a gas release. Unknown A and C produced the only yellow, brown precipitate just as the reaction between Sodium Carbonate and Silver Nitrate had previously. This led to the conclusion that A is Sodium

The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the effects of the variables: temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration, on the enzymatic reaction rate of catalase and the level at which its products are released, measuring the rate of absorption using the indicator solution guaiacol and a spectrophotometer to develop a hypothesis of the ideal conditions for these reactions. My hypothesis is that the extremes in concentration, temperature and pH will negatively affect the Au rate. This experiment used 11 solutions contained in cuvettes. Each cuvette, once mixed, is placed in spectrophotometer and then a reading taken every 20 seconds. Cuvettes 1, 8, and 10 are used as blanks to zero out the spectrophotometer. They all lack the enzyme to help determine the absorption of just the enzyme.

Chemical reactions are seen in many instances, including those in which one substance is being converted to another. Natural chemical reactions will occur without intervention, however they occur slowly. Enzymes become important in these situations. Enzymes are proteins that act in cells to ensure reactions occur at appropriate speeds. In other words, they act as catalysts. Catalysts are chemicals that can be added to these reactions to increase the rate of the reaction without being changed or consumed. Enzymes act upon specific molecules called substrates. The relationship between enzymes and substrates can be thought of as a lock and key relationship. Every substrate has a specific enzyme that can act upon it and change it.

The lab started off by measuring critical materials for the lab: the mass of an an empty 100 mL beaker, mass of beaker and copper chloride together(52.30 g), and the mass of three iron nails(2.73 g). The goal of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of copper and iron that would be produced in the reaction of iron and copper(II) chloride, the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and the percent yield of copper produced. 2.00 grams of copper(II) chloride was added in the beaker to mix with 15 mL of distilled water. Then, three dry nails are placed in the copper(II) chloride solution for approximately 25 minutes. The three nails have to be scraped clean by sandpaper to make the surface of the nail shiny; if the nails are not clean, then some unknown substances might accidentally mix into the reaction and cause variations of the result. This is important because the correct reaction would only appear if the right elements are mixed together, the unknown substances on the iron nails can cause a different reaction to happen that is not expected.

The formation of new carbon-carbon bonds is of central importance in organic chemistry and a prerequisite for all life on earth. Through the assembly of carbon atoms into chains, complex molecules, e.g. molecules of life, can be created. The importance of the synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds is reflected by the fact that Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been given to this area many times: the Grignard reaction (1912), the Diels-Alder reaction (1950), the Wittig reaction (1979), and olefin metathesis to Y. Chauvin, R. H. Grubbs, and R. R. Schrock (2005) and Richard F. Heck , Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki (2010) for the development of methods for palladium-catalyzed formation of carbon-carbon

In the unknown A solution it cannot be determined what the cation and anions of the solution are, however it is possible that the cation for unknown A could be represented through the equation: __2CO3(aq)+NaOH(aq) -->__OH()+Na2CO3(aq) and possible

Substances that bind or react to each other use a certain amounts of energy to create a new product in a chemical reaction. Enzymes are proteins used in these reactions to create the same product using less of its supplied energy in that same amount of time. Enzymes are biocatalysts and will bind with the reactive molecules to create substrates forming enzyme-substrate complexes. These complex alter the chemical bonding in the molecules so that they react to each other in the same amount of time using less activation energy.

Luminol is a chemical that forensic scientists use to find traces of blood at crime scenes. Before application, a crime scene investigator will assemble the solution by combining luminol, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide. The sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide are what initially sets off the chemical reaction with the luminol. Then the investigator sprays it over the crime scene. If there is any blood present, the iron in it will act as a catalyst in the chemical reaction. This specific sort of chemical reaction is known as chemiluminescence, which is basically the emitted light caused by a chemical reaction, which doesn’t result in significant heat.