During one of his powerful speeches, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said “Our nation was born in genocide when it embraced the doctrine that the original American, the Indian, was an inferior race.” Scholars talk of what happened to the Indians as a great tragedy, but never anything further. We deny what happened to the Indians, particularly the Cherokees. During the 1830’s, the United States government set out to remove all Cherokee individuals from their homes and relocate them west. Relocation meant ending up on a land foreign to them, and presented with environmental conditions that posed difficulties for human living. This journey, known as the Trail of Tears, left countless of Indians physically and spiritually dead. The Cherokee did in fact suffer a genocide. With the help of a reputable source explaining the term genocide, along with the explanation of documents written during the time, people discover the undeniable truth that a genocide happened during the Cherokee Removal. To grasp how the events made the removal a genocide, the meaning of the term …show more content…
If scholars and historians fail to recognize the true devastation that the removal caused, they undermine the pain Indians endured. People like to think of the removal as a positive thing for Indians; the United States granted them an opportunity for a new life rid of the threats from Georgia. President Jackson himself, when talking about American citizens, remarked “How many thousands of our own people would gladly embrace the opportunity of removing to the West on such conditions!” People trusted what Jackson said because of his presidential position. However, people failed and still fail, to recognize that Jackson hoped not only a removal, but an act of genocide against the Cherokee. He and many other did not like them, and they intended to destroy the “wretched
As a part of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, Native American people were forcefully assembled and made to endure one of the longest walks from Georgia to Oklahoma on what has become known as the Trail of Tears. President Andrew Jackson’s motives for movement of the Native people to a new territory was to eliminate the Native race by stripping the victims of their vital resources needed for basic survival. After 178 years of expansion and growth in the United States of America, the circumstances for Native Americans remain unchanged. President Jackson’s sentiments have permeated the present society in issues associated with the physical and emotional fight to decolonize. Decolonization is both the individual and communal effort to regenerate
“The settler colonial logic of elimination in its crudest form, a violent rejection of all things Indian, was transformed into a paternalistic mode of governmentality which, though still sanctioned by state violence, came to focus on assimilation rather than rejection.” –Patrick Wolfe, After the Frontier: Separation and Absorption in US Indian Policy, 13 Wolfe’s statement illustrates how the US government put more emphasis on legalized absorption of Indians into the White society rather than using forceful and violent methods to acquire the Natives’ land. After the colonization of the westward land and the end of the Frontier era, the US government’s method of assimilation of the Indians started revolving around allotment and blood quanta. With no place to further push the Natives away, the established Bureau of Indian Affairs and the government took action to eliminate the Natives culturally and spiritually instead of physically.
Between 1830 and 1850, the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee, Creek, Seminole and Cherokee peoples were forced to leave their homelands to relocate further west. The Cherokee Nation removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia, in 1829, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush.1 During the Trail of Tears (1838-1839), the Cherokee tribes were moved to the Indian Territory, near the Ozarks. They initially settled near Tahlequah, Oklahoma. This is where the tribes historically settled in 1838 to 1839, after the Indian Removal Act of 1830 passed during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.2 The removal included members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw
In the world of today, the actions of our ancestors are frowned upon and chastised, but piles of history books cannot cover the crude horrors of the people before us and the suffering they caused. Centuries ago, American soldiers drove the Navajo Indian tribe off their land to seize it for themselves. They were thrown into places with “conditions that could only be described as concentration camp-like” (Ault). The Navajo Nation, the largest of the approximately 500 Native American tribes who used to roam the lands of the United States, had to stand up to the American government over a century ago and fight to keep their land that their ancestors had held for hundreds of years (Ault).
Native Americans who emigrated from Europe perceived the Indians as a friendly society with whom they dwelt with in harmony. While Native Americans were largely intensive agriculturalists and entrepreneurial in nature, the Indians were hunters and gatherers who earned a livelihood predominantly as nomads. By the 19th century, irrefutable territories i.e. the areas around River Mississippi were under exclusive occupation by the Indians. At the time, different Indian tribes such as the Chickasaws, Creeks, and Cherokees had adapted a sedentary lifestyle and practiced small-scale agriculture. According to the proponents of removal, the Indians were to move westwards into forested lands in order to generate additional space for development through agricultural production (Memorial of the Cherokee Indians).
Was the Government Justified in Removing the Cherokee from their native land? “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it…” (Jackson). After a suffering loss of the election of 1824, Andrew Jackson made a comeback in the election of 1828 and became the president of the United States. During this time westward expansion was still a very desirable wish.
In 1838, the Cherokees were forced to give up their lands and to migrate to present-day Oklahoma, due to the signing of The Treaty of New Echota. The Cherokees were deported from their homes, betrayed by the government whom they treated with respect, separated them from their land that they nurtured; the Cherokee struggled to understand how to make a new life. The Indian Removal led to thousands of Cherokees to die due to starvation, diseases, and exhaustion during their march known as The Trail of Tears. This paper will discuss the effects it had on the Cherokees and what has happened during the trail.
There were some 15,000 captives that were still to be removed. There were draught and poor sanitation that made life very miserable. Very many of them died. The National Council of Cherokee and Chief Ross tried to plead with General Scott to permit the remaining Cherokees to wait till the weather was better for them to be moved. They also wanted to oversee their removal.
Furthermore, the documents in “The Cherokee Removal” help to realize that the Indians were not savages instead they were trying to assimilate into the American
The Cherokee removal, also known as the Trail of Tears, is the most remembered of the Indian Removals because it was one of the largest and most devastating forced migrations of Native American peoples in American
On July 17, 1830, the Cherokee nation published an appeal to all of the American people. United States government paid little thought to the Native Americans’ previous letters of their concerns. It came to the point where they turned to the everyday people to help them. They were desperate. Their withdrawal of their homeland was being caused by Andrew Jackson signing the Indian Removal Act into law on May 28, 1830.
The Apache were a strong, fierce, war-like nation, native to the arid deserts of the Southwest (specifically Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma). And since 1492, the discovery of the Americas, the Apache fiercely opposed Spanish, Mexican, and American invasions. Arguably, they are most known and most remembered for their association with the Spanish, Mexicans, and Americans; the relationship between the Apache and the settlers that led into the Mexican and American conflicts and the aftermath of that, by how westward expansion in the United States affected the population of the Apaches and then how the laws during the 1800s influenced the forced removal of the Apache. These reasons show the relationship the settlers had with the Apache.
The white settlements expanded west, they threatened to take over Cherokee land in the southern U.S. The historical question is trying to tell if the Cherokee should leave or stay in their territory. People might disagree with this because the Cherokee’s do not want to leave their homes and want to stay to fight. People think they should stay because it’s their land and it should not be taken away from them and how they should stay to fight for their territory.
Burnett said it himself, “Murder is murder, and somebody must answer. Somebody must explain the streams of blood that flowed in the Indian country in the summer of 1838. Somebody must explain the 4000 silent graves that mark the trail of the Cherokees to their exile.” This event took place because American were searching for more land. The Cherokees were happy and healthy at their old homes, but once President Andrew signed the bill in 1830, making it the Indian Removal Act, the Indians had no control whatsoever and had to do what they were told.
The Genocide: Trail of Tears/ The Indian removal act During the 1830s the united states congress and president Andrew Jackson created and passed the “Indian removal act”. Which allowed Jackson to forcibly remove the Indians from their native lands in the southeastern states, such as Florida and Mississippi, and send them to specific “Indian reservations” across the Mississippi river, so the whites could take over their land. From 1830-1839 the five civilized tribes (The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, and Chickasaw) were forced, sometimes by gun point, to march about 1,000 miles to what is present day Oklahoma.