Another words, just like when you’re a young child, mommy goes in for a haircut, and her young daughter what’s to receive the same treatment while getting her hair done too. Boys are no different either, for they want the same experience and values as their brothers, fathers; and grandfathers such as following in their footsteps while becoming just like them. “According to cognitive development theory, children use cues to evaluate the behavior of others as either gender appropriate( “good”) or gender inappropriate (“bad”) (Jones, ASID, IIDA, IDEC and Phyllis Sloan Allen, 2009, pg. 114). Meaning children adapt to the changes to which they go though (adolescence), in order to be accepted by their gender stereotypes in the social world to which they exist.
Adults play a major role in the conditioning and the development of their character. Observational learning is an integral part of child rearing although that can be good and bad as children may involuntarily learn some of the parents bad traits, Just like Albert Banduras doll experiment where
Social Learning Theory John Riley UMUC Social Learning Theory on Gender Development Explanation The Social Learning Theory (SLT) is most frequently related with Albert Bandura’s works. Bandura was a professor at Stanford who saw boundaries in the learning theory of behaviorism. He incorporated philosophies of the cognitive and behavioral learning theories (Grusec, 1992) as well as created the Social Learning Theory. SLT suggests that gender identity and role are sets of behaviors obtained through observational learning and vicarious reinforcement. He created case studies involving individuals, children in particular, who observed the environment around them.
Children develop relationships with people outside of their families and learn how to expand their social life by means of: Environmental effects where they discover their identities through others of the same sex and age to prevent incongruence that may result in conflict. Child growing up with a specific mind-set regarding a specific age group and the roles they are expected to play. Role model: the children are preferred to be of the same age in order to improve learning and better understanding. Race and culture: children are not born with stereotypical views. They learn them from family, role models and the media.
His work mainly revolves around social learning theory. He also acknowledges with behaviourist learning theories of "classical conditioning" and "operant conditioning." He further accumulates 2 concepts: 1) "Mediating process happens between stimuli and responses." 2) " Behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning." The behaviour we observed is models.
What the parents think and perceive directly affects a child. Most of the theories that have been written on this component focus widely on the health issues and concerns of the parents which define the longevity of a child. Though, it also touches other domains. We can say that ‘cultural transmission’ forms a part of it as psychology of caretaker is the medium between culture and child development. A child’s socialization process, his language and thinking ability, cognitive skills, emotional development depends on the behaviour of this care takers be it parents or guardians.
Parental involvement has a significant effect on child’s achievement throughout the years of schooling. Researchers consider that educational failure is increased by lack of parental interest in child’s schooling. On the other hand, parents believe that the responsibility for their child’s education is shared between parents and the school. . Data for the study was collected through questionnaires, direct observations, and teacher interviews.
The interest to replicate certain behavior can have several reasons but in general it is more likely that children will imitate the people who perceive similar to itself (i.e. same age or sex). Bandura’s theory stamped from the findings in the famous Bobo doll key study by Bandura el al. (1961): where they wanted to find how much watching other
Such standardization can be helpful for the sake of study; yet such universality can be wrongfully applied to childhood studies, particularly when equally applying them to minority and majority worlds; portions of Woodhead’s chapter (2013: 134-145) address this criticism. Yet it is much more difficult to apply such a standardization of values when applying an anthropological approach to childhood. For this reason, Montgomery (2013) emphasizes that “social scientists try to suspend judgement in order to understand the nature and causes of [child-rearing] practices concerned” (174). Perhaps the key word in this statement is “try” as Montgomery continues: “judgements can be both implicit and explicit, and cultural relativism is sometimes a difficult position to maintain”
Introduction Parents play an important role in guiding the development of their child in the early years, before the influence of teachers and peers comes into play (Diem-Wille, 2014). This influence that parents have on their children would naturally affect the child’s perception of gender roles and stereotypes. Following the approach of the Gender-Schema Theory, the child learns about gender in his or her society by observing behaviours of the people around him or her and then classifying the information as characteristic of different genders (Bem, 1983). The family environment and experience would therefore be central to helping the child construct schemas about gender roles since parents’ actions and attitudes are part of the information that the child receives from the environment that is integrated into the schema (McHale, Crouter, & Whiteman, 2003). Furthermore, it is possible that in mixed-gender families, the higher chances of comparisons between the two parents’ behaviours would reinforce specific ideas about gender roles than it would in families where parents are of the same gender (Endendijk et al., 2013).