ABSTRACT
The term, ‘children with disabilities’ refers to children up to the age of 18 who have ‘long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.’ Such children are often marginalized and experience widespread violations of their rights. The exclusion of these children from the mainstream society makes them even more vulnerable and hence unable to enjoy a life of dignity and individuality. Factors like poverty; isolation; lack of support and infrastructural facilities further vitiate the conditions of these children. Broadly the disabilities that can affect chil-dren can be classified into physical and learning disabilities and both of these need to addressed dif-ferently.
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A large proportion of these children are denied basic education and health care and are often denied the right to live in a family environment. The violence, exploitation and abuse that the-se children are subject to are reason to enough to integrate disability with all educational, health and developmental programmes as a global human rights issue.
This contribution aims to identify the key issues affecting the lives of children with disabilities and to also analyse the policies and programmes in place to address those issues. The paper will also address the range of disabilities that exist and management of the same in India and other countries.
Key Words: Child Disabilities; Physical and Learning Disability; Human Rights Violations; Con-vention on the Rights of Child; Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; Poverty; So-cial
1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth - 19 years. UNBORN BABIES TO ONE MONTH Most babies are born around the fortieth week of pregnancy. Babies who are born more than three weeks early are classed as premature. Babies that are born early are more likely to need a little more time to develop than those born nearer the fortieth week.
This could affect the way they interact in the classroom and their ability to develop. An example of a physical disability that could affect the way children develop is Cerebal palsy, this is a condition that affects the movement, posture and co-ordination of a person. They could just be affected physically or they may have seizure, epilepsy or difficulties with speech and language as
World Health Organization (WHO) has defined disability as an umbrella term for impairments. Disability is an individual with a health condition such as Down syndrome cerebral palsy and depression, body functioning or structure on activity limitation. WHO, (2016) supported that people with learning difficulties they deserve privacy and dignity like everyone The Health and community Care Act 1990 protect people service users from abuse or neglect so that deterioration can be prevented or to promote physical or mental health and to allow independence and social inclusion. It also to improve opportunities and life chances, to help families and to protect human rights around people in need of the services. It has been argued Department of health, (2015) state that “people are living longer, which means there are likely to be more people with complex
1.1 Describe the causes and effects of complex disabilities and conditions. Mental health issues ranging from the doubts and uncertainties have become a part of daily routine, towards serious long term situation which can be very complex for managing and having a diversifying impact on the overall live of the people. The usual child health leads to contribute towards overall development (Watson & Le Couteur, 2011). Therefore it is important to take special care of people with complex disability as they turn out to be sensitive enough about the situation and environment they are living in.
Part C - Disability affects development and learning because disability affects children's development in different ways. That can be physically and sensory, social, emotional and behavioural and learning or cognitive. So say a child with Hearing impairment affects language and communication in that they may struggle to understand words in a book and get stressed at trying to read aloud.
The change from an institutional setting to a more community based setting shows a change in the attitude and believe about individuals with disabilities. Since their emancipation from institutions more than 40 years ago, the rights of persons with intellectual disabilities to participate in society have been increased with opportunities for full inclusion. The concept of inclusion encompasses both acceptance and respect. Children and adults are at risk of experiencing social exclusion and discrimination associated with their disability. While physical inclusion through accessibility change occurs, there is a lack of “feeling” a part of the community, which has some individuals with disabilities calling to action the need for social emotional inclusion.
It is important that someone with a disability be given an opportunity to participate in activities like anyone without any form of discrimination. We need to be as accommodative as possible. Another consideration is making sure that the emotional and physical needs are being meet so they are given the same opportunities as people who do not have disabilities. Physical and emotional wellbeing are important for a person’s functionality. It is ethically important that we are able to participate in work, education, society
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and The Center for Parent Information and Resources are both good websites that explains Intellectual Disabilities. According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, an “intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18 (AAIDD - Resources for Intellectual and Developmental Disability Professionals, n.d).” Intellectual disability is one of the most common developmental disability. It is estimated that
Many of them exhibits low self-esteem, undesirable habits and history of abuses from chaotic and dysfunctional households and war-torn communities. No one should give up in changing and improving the lives of children especially those who have trodden the wrong path. People or organizations that are working with and for children in support of child rights should have the right values, compassion, resiliency and positive outlook in life, which in return are the competencies that they will also be imparting or sharing to them. In determining the best interests of the child, there are several factors that must be taken into consideration. The foremost considerations are the age and physical and mental condition of the child, benefits to the child, the need to protect the child from physical or psychological
Reflection on current status of inclusive education in India Tanu Sharma Research Scholar, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India Email id: tanusharma5284@yahoo.in Contact number 9988022670 Abstract: All learners have a right to education regardless of their individual characteristics or difficulties. India being a developing country has limited resources and vast population. For quality education in India with limited resources, inclusion of all persons with individual differences under one roof is necessary as inclusive education is based on belief that the education is a basic human right. The present study discusses the status of disabled education, infrastructure and different policies regarding disables’ education in India.
Explain the relationship between disability and special educational needs. Explain the nature of the particular disabilities and/or special educational needs of children and young people with whom they work. Explain the special provision required by children and young people with whom they work. Explain the expected pattern of development for disabled children and young people and those with special educational needs with whom they work People often confuse Disability for Special Educational needs and the Special Educational needs for a Disability.
Introduction: Prior to the passing of the Individuals with Disabilities Act, it was a well-known challenge to educate students with disabilities, and more often than not they were turned down from schools based on their ability and were not given an equal opportunity to learn as were other children. The purpose of passing the IDEA is to provide all children equal access to a free, public education no matter their abilities. On october 30, 1990, the Education of all Handicapped Children Act, previously established in 1975, was renamed to the Individuals with Disabilities Act. Since then, there have been many amendments to the Act such as in 1997 by Bill CLinton, however, the act as outlined below is up to date as of the 2004 amendments (Yell
Should Children with Disabilities be allowed to enroll in regular school? Every human being is equal and has the right to education irrespective of race, sex and religion. In the past generally people with disabilities were discriminated against and excluded from society. However, people’s attitudes, towards this group have started to change and they are beginning to enjoy article same freedoms like any other people.
Disability is defined by World Health Organisation as “an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations”. Disability remains a major challenge throughout the world with disabled people facing hostile socioeconomic outcomes than people without disabilities, such as less education, worse health outcomes, less employment, and higher poverty rates (1). Physical disability is defined as: “an acquired or congenital physical and/or motor impairment
And a disabled person’s ambition is like all other human beings, the looks of pity and compassion negatively affect that ambition. People should embrace the disabled person and give them a helping hand, and they should have laws, which defend their rights, which should be respected. However, most societies do not have laws that ensure an equal life for the disabled population. It is a shame that the rights of the disabled people has turned many times to mere slogans.