To satisfy the objectives of the project. Laboratory experiments were conducted in order to generate data that was used to validate certain assumptions about the oil yield and composition. The process modeling portion was initiated by defining the amount of resources required for algal biodiesel production; selection of appropriate processing technologies was then carried out . Algal strains and culture conditions Freshwater microalgal strains (C. Oblonga 11-60a) were obtained from the Sammlung von Algenkulturen Göttingen Culture Collection of Algae (SAG) Germany . Figure-4: Microscopic views of Chlamydomonas oblonga at 400X Media Preparation The following media have proved suitable for the maintenance of cultures in test tubes at the SAG for many years. The recipes originate from E. G. Pringsheim and W. Koch, unless stated otherwise. It must be emphasized that the maintenance …show more content…
Into round bottom flask taken 180 ml nHexane . Extracted at 75°C for 24 h until the solvent leached colourless. Dry solvent from sample. Followed by transesterification Transesterification process Transesterification is the process by which the glycerides present in fats or oils react with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to form esters and glycerol Chemical-Catalyzed Transesterification. In a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask with a magnetic stir bar placed 0.25 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide and dissolved it with 10 mL of methanol. The mix was stirred until all of the sodium hydroxide was dissolved. In a 250 mL beaker placed 5 mL of algal oil. The oil was heated to 60ºC. Added 2 ml of the dissolved sodium hydroxide into the heated oil, immediate the mixture turns cloudy. Set aside to stir for 30 minutes on high. Transfer contents of beaker into a 250 mL separator funnel. Leave the mix to break up for overnight. Transfer the glycerol (bottom layer) into a beaker from
Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially will narrow down the types of tests certain bacteria will and will not respond to. In addition to the gram stain, some of the tests that were used include, a catalase test, an Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar test, a bile esculin test, and a 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) test.
Differential media allows for the differentiation between two similar micro-organisms through how the bacteria may handle certain compounds found in the media or the different reactions that may take place when the bacteria is exposed to the medium (3). Selective media on the other hand allow only certain microbes to grow. This is due to the plate containing a limited amount of nutrients, compounds and chemicals that will deter the growth of certain bacteria (3). Dyes, antimicrobial substances, salts, certain growth inhibitors and, antibiotics are also found on this type of medium (3). The differential and selective media mentioned in this lab are as follows:
I expect to learn the biochemical differences in bacteria from this lab. Also, how to identify different species of bacteria. Material & Methods For the first day of the practical, an unknown specimen was provided
For this I needed to first obtain deionized water. I cleaned my large graduated cylinder and got 20 + or - 2 mL of deionized water. I then added this water to the beaker that contained the mixture I created from the last step of the experiment. I also gathered 2 boiling stones and added them to the mixture of the last step. I placed the beaker on a hot plate and heated it up to 130 degrees Celsius.
The tube was placed back in incubation for 96 more hours to observe any more positives. 2.10 Catalase Test A trypticase soy agar plate was used and after incubation, four drops of 3% Hydrogen Peroxide was added to the plate to flow over the bacterial growth. A presence of bubbling was observed. 2.11 Starch Hydrolysis
We placed this beaker on a stirring plate. We then poured 40 mL of 0.2M NaOH into the 60 mL buret. Two drops of phenolphthalein were added to the beaker containing gastric juices. Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns neutralized mixtures pink. After that, we turned on the stirrer in the gastric juices to mix the solution.
Tube 1 had 1 drop, tube 2 had 2, and each tube after had an additional drop until tube 5. Next, deionized water was placed in each tube. Tube one had 4 drops; tube 2 had 3 drops and the pattern continued until tube 5. After each tube was filled with the glucose and deionized water, the contents were mixed and centrifuged. After the tubes were centrifuged, any pellets formed during the process were removed.
In the round-bottom flask (100 mL), we placed p-aminobenzoic acid (1.2 g) and ethanol (12 mL). We swirled the mixture until the solid dissolved completely. We used Pasteur pipet to add concentrated sulfuric acid (1.0 mL) to the flask. We added boiling stone and assembled the reflux. Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes.
Weighed 1 gram of NaC2H3O2 and mixed it with ionized water. Boiled 12 mL of 1.0M Acetic Acid added into a beaker containing the sodium carbonate on a hot plate until all the liquid is evaporated
Pat McGurrin October 24, 2015 Period #1 Honors Biology Mr. Dinunzio Murder and Meal Lab Analysis Procedure: 1.) Gather all materials: Safety goggles, 250ml beaker, water, hot-plate, test-tubes, paper bag tear, stomach contents, pipette, Biruet solution, Benedict’s solution, and Iodine solution. 2.) Put on safety glasses.
After a gram stain was done unknown #257 was identified as a gram positive organism because when observed under the microscope the organism appeared purple with cocci in clusters. The organism was also catalase positive which means that it produced enzyme catalase and bubbled when hydrogen peroxide was added to it. Three test were conducted based on the result of the gram staining procedure. Blood agar with a Novobiocin disk was chosen as well as DNase (DNA) and Mannitol Salts (MSA) agar. The Blood agar is a bright red, opaque plate and the streaking or the inoculation technique was a modified streaking for isolation with a heavy quadrant one.
Note: make sure that you leave space between distillation take-off and the cylinder. This would allow you to observe the drops of the distillate that enter to Graduated Cylinder. Step 2: Begin distillation.
Experiment #7: Column Chromatography of Food Dye Arianne Jan D. Tuozo Mr. Carlos Edward B. Santos October 12, 2015 Abstract Column chromatography is the separation of mixture’s components through a column. Before proceeding with the column chromatography itself, a proper solvent system must be chosen among the different solvents. The green colored food dye is the mixture whose components are separated.
Materials Required: 1. Pellets of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 2. Phenolphthalein solution (1%) 3. Potassium acid phthalate (KHC8H4O4) 4. Graduated cylinder - 10 mL 5.
After gathering all of the materials, the experiment can begin. Prepare the distillation set-up similarly to Figure 1[2] and make sure that all of the appropriate areas are secured together with masking tape. In the 250mL round bottom distillation flask, carefully pour in 25mL of the alcoholic bevarage and place in one or two pieces of boiling chips. Now, the students have the option of dyeing the beverage with a tiny drop of food coloring.