ipl-logo

Chlorine Disinfection Lab Report

1525 Words7 Pages

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Disinfection is applied in water as well as wastewater treatment as a finishing step so as to destroy pathogens but the cause of concern regarding the disinfection process is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health …show more content…

HOCl is a much stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite but their relative distribution depends upon pH. At pH > 4 dissociation of Cl2 is almost complete whereas at pH values greater than 5, HOCl starts dissociating and there is an increase in concentration of OCl-. The effect of pH on chlorination is shown in fig 1.1(a).

HOCI + NH3 NH2C1 + H20
HOCI + NH2C1 NHC12 + H20 NH2C1 + NHC12 N2 + 3H+ + …show more content…

D., Plewa, M. J., Wagner, E. D., Schoeny, R., & DeMarini, D. M. (2007). Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 636(1), 178-242.
Richardson, S. D. (2003). Disinfection by-products and other emerging contaminants in drinking water. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(10), 666-684.
Deborde, M., & von Gunten, U. (2008). Reactions of chlorine with inorganic and organic compounds during water treatment—kinetics and mechanisms: a critical review. Water research, 42(1), 13-51.
Johnson, J. D., & Jensen, J. N. (1986). THM and TOX formation: routes, rates, and precursors. Journal (American Water Works Association), 156-162.
Matilainen, A., Gjessing, E. T., Lahtinen, T., Hed, L., Bhatnagar, A., & Sillanpää, M. (2011). An overview of the methods used in the characterisation of natural organic matter (NOM) in relation to drinking water treatment. Chemosphere, 83(11), 1431-1442.
Vieira, R. F., Berenguel, A. T., Silva, M. A., Vilaca, J. S., Domingues, V. F., & Figueiredo, S. A. (2012). Natural organic matter fractionation along the treatment of water for human consumption. GLOBAL NEST JOURNAL, 14(4),

Show More
Related

  • Microorganism Lab Report

    1434 Words  | 6 Pages

    Purpose: To identify an unknown microorganism by performing a series of biochemical tests on a pure bacterial culture. Materials and Methods: Tests: Lactose fermentation: Fermentation makes energy available for use by microorganisms by anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrates. The product can either be an acid or gas. When it is positive, the broth will turn from red to yellow and if gas is present a bubble is formed.

    Read More

  • Sodium Chloride Lab

    896 Words  | 4 Pages

    The chloride in sodium chloride also pollutes ground water, lakes, and streams1. Due to these infrastructure and environmental concerns, a possible extension of work could be the study of alternative compounds or methods in making roads safer – while still keeping costs

    Read More

  • Pros And Cons Of Chloramines

    401 Words  | 2 Pages

    Did you know some byproducts of of chloramine are way more toxic than chlorines? A byproduct is a secondary or incidental product formed from the first. In the article it states that “ Chloramines are widely used in the U.S, and water providers in the East Bay and San Francisco already rely on the source. Another reason to why Chloramines are dangerous because it is toxic to aquatic life, including the mosquito fish, the mosquito fishes are put into our ponds to control the mosquito populations.

    Read More

  • How Does Fracking Affect Water Quality

    918 Words  | 4 Pages

    Drinking contaminated water can cause different types of cancers and also infertility and birth defects due to of the presence hazardous chemicals. Impoundments that have not been built or properly closed off have led to the death of many animals and also health issues in

    Read More

  • The Importance Of Water Quality In Florida

    794 Words  | 4 Pages

    Pensacola 's water was also found to contain cyanide and chloroform” (DailyFinance 2011). When I read this article and saw this quote I searched of the chemicals and how they would impact us if we consumed them and this was a found. Drinking water with

    Read More

  • Paper Chromatography Lab Report

    767 Words  | 4 Pages

    Leah Romero 10/30/2017 Conclusion Lab 3 Chem 102L In lab 3, fundamentals of chromatography, the purpose was to examine how components of mixtures can be separated by taking advantage of different in physical properties. A huge process in this lab was paper chromatography, which was used to isolate food dyes that are found in different drink mixes. The different chromatograms of FD&C dyes were compared to identify which dyes are present in each of the mixes.

    Read More

  • Sludge Lab Report

    615 Words  | 3 Pages

    The objective of the sludge lab was to determine how many different pure substances were in the sludge by using the methods and techniques we have learned throughout the year. We had to pick separation methods so we could separate our sludge and then test characteristic properties on our separated liquids and solids. This experiment made us use our knowledge on characteristic properties to pick the ones we should test to help us identify our pure substances. Characteristic properties are properties that help identify a solid or liquid. Each solid or liquid has a certain density, boiling point, solubility, flammability, so if you know what each one is then you can use that information to help you identify your solid or liquid.

    Read More

  • Fracking Persuasive Speech

    943 Words  | 4 Pages

    Drinking water sources have been contaminated with explosive methane, as well as other dangerous substances, such as benzene and arsenic, that can cause cancer and other serious illnesses. Toxic chemicals, as well as erosion and runoff from drilling operations, have fouled

    Read More

  • Radical Chlorination Of 1-Chlorobutane Lab Report

    1204 Words  | 5 Pages

    These amounts then helped to determine the relative reactivities of the hydrogens in the products and the effect of the chloro-substituent on the relative rate of hydrogen abstraction, which is the rate determining step. Overall, this report will present the data for the radical chlorination of 1-chloro butane and explain why 1,4-dichlorobutane

    Read More

  • Stoichiometry Lab

    563 Words  | 3 Pages

    The decomposition of NaHCO3 is an example of Prevention within Green Chemistry principles because all solid waste in this experiment is collected and used again. The only gaseous wastes generated by the reaction in the experiment are carbon dioxide and water, which are benign (Lab 3). The decomposition reaction of NaHCO3, generates virtually no waste, therefore less hazardous chemical syntheses. The byproducts of the reaction are gaseous CO2 and H2O which possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment, because of the amounts released in this experiment. (Lab 3).

    Read More

  • Gas Chromatography Lab Report

    1545 Words  | 7 Pages

    INTRODUCTION A gas chromatograph (GC) can be utilized to analyze the contents of a sample quantitatively or in certain circumstances also qualitatively. In the case of preparative chromatography, a pure compound can be extracted from a mixture. The principle of gas chromatography can be explained as following: A micro syringe is used to inject a known volume of vaporous or liquid analyte into the head or entrance of a column whereby a stream of an inert gas acts a carrier (mobile phase). The column acts as a separator of individual or chemically similar components.

    Read More

  • Hydrochloric Acid Lab Report

    876 Words  | 4 Pages

    CLAIRE MUNTING 29/01/2018 Criterion C EFFECTS OF SURFACE AREA OF CALCIUM CARBONATE UPON RATE OF REACTION Calcium Carbonate Chips 1 Introduction: Within the current investigation, the effects of the surface area of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in combination with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) upon its rate of reaction. CaCO3, commonly referred to as limestone, is an organic substance and is, in a sense, the crystallised “carbonic salt” of the element, calcium2. In addition to being a salt, the pH level of Calcium Carbonate is 9.91, and it is therefore, a basic substance, due to the fact that it is comprised of a pH level higher than 7, which is neutral3. HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings.

    Read More

  • Essay On Water Disinfection

    1443 Words  | 6 Pages

    Disinfection Chemicals Introduction Water disinfection is removal, deactivation or elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Bacteria gets damaged or even deactivated, disabling reproduction. Disinfectants must not just eliminate bacteria. They must have residual effect. The disinfectant must not allow pathogenic bacteria to develop within the domestic plumbing after disinfection, causing water being decontaminated.

    Read More

  • Water Bottles Persuasive Essay

    861 Words  | 4 Pages

    The Environmental Working Group found acetaminophen, caffeine, arsenic, and nitrate in 10 brands of bottled water." ("Is Bottled Water Better?" 1) Is it not a little scary to know that even if the water your drinking has a trace of danger, you may or may not be warned? It is also scary to think that mothers tend to use bottled water to mix with baby formula and that some of the brands they use actually could contain products that are potentially dangerous to their

    Read More

  • Hydrochloric Acid And Sodium Thiosulphate Lab Report

    1539 Words  | 7 Pages

    Introduction The goal of the experiment is to examine how the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulphate is affected by altering the concentrations. The concentration of Sodium thiosulfate will be altered by adding deionised water and decreasing the amount of Sodium thiosulphate. Once the Sodium thiosulphate has been tested several times. The effect of concentration on the rate of reaction can be examined in this experiment.

    Read More

More about Chlorine Disinfection Lab Report

Open Document