Cholesterol Lab Report

Cholesterol also plays a significant role in the synthesis of cell membranes. Cholesterol is insoluble in water so it needs the transportation facility from a protein to move them around in the body through bloodstream to fulfill their role in the membrane biogenesis. Cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream and enters cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Instead of circulating freely, cholesterol molecules

However, in the second stage of pernicious anemia, the immune system becomes overactive. As a result, intrinsic factor antibodies form and attack IF and destroy them. This inhibits vitamin B12 from moving to the small intestine and absorption. The third stage in a normal body is, after absorbing vitamin B12, it is stored in the liver and bone marrow to manufacture erythrocytes. However, in the third stage of pernicious anemia, the amount of vitamin B12 is decreasing in the liver and bone marrow, which

Leukotrienes (LT) are fatty acid-derived mediators containing a conjugated triene structure. They are formed when arachidonic acid (Chapter 26) is liberated from the cell membrane of cells, as a result of cell activation by allergic or other noxious stimuli. 5-Lipoxygenase is the enzyme required for the synthesis of LTA4, which is an unstable epoxide precursor of the two subgroups of biologically important leukotrienes. LTB4 is a dihydroxy 20-carbon-atom fatty acid which is a potent pro-inflammatory chemo-attractant. The other group is the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4).

A significant portion of the monosaccharides in soda are fructose, and, therefore, an assumption regarding the correlation that a standard curve generated from a glucose solution has with an unknown soda sample should not be made. It would be more appropriate to use a solution with approximately 1:1 ratios of fructose and glucose when constructing a standard curve for the phenol-sulfuric acid analysis of soda. This is approximately the ratio that is witnessed in commercial HFCS; therefore, it would create a standard curve that correlates more robustly with the soda

Arteries may get damaged due to the high intake of homocysteine. High consumption can make the blood to get blocked and it can make high risk to our body. This type of disease is called thrombus. There should not be any clot on your blood vessels otherwise it will block your lungs which is called pulmonary embolism, also the brain which can cause stroke, or into the heart which can even cause to the heart attack. The people who suffer from high levels of homocysteine are at a high risk so they need to consult doctor for the further treatments.

Vitamin D deficiency also can increase the rate of renin-angiotensin system. It has an important function in controlling blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and intravascular volume. However, vitamin D can affect heart function through influencing cardiomyocyte cell cycle rather than hormone system. Vitamin D can affect the cardiomyocyte through its receptors then it will suppress cardiac cells proliferation and to protect the function and structure of

If the concentration of glucose in the blood is low / below the normal range, it leads to the secretion of glycogen from the alpha cells. Glycogen will change the energy stores such as glycogen in the liver to the glucose (stimulates the breakdown of glycogen) by increasing the level of sugar in the blood(ibid).

The body is unable to recognize that the body has a sufficient amount of iron so the body continues to absorb iron from the food we as humans eat until it severely damages our body organs causing an imbalance in body chemistry which could ultimately lead to death if the hemochromatosis goes unchecked without any treatment. Iron is essential to the human’s survival but too much iron is proven to be deadly. Symptoms of Hemochromatosis includes having weak bone joints, fatigue, and general weakness. The Lymph nodes also swell up as the iron supply is heavily distributed in our bloodstream and our body. Iron levels are extremely high in all areas of the body except for the Macrophages.

Ephedrine is one of the ingredients you see in energy drinks and this helps with the central nervous system and helping with low blood pressure. Taurine is commonly known as bull sperm but that is not true. Taurine is commonly found in things like milk and fish. Taurine is a dietary supplement that help regulate heartbeat and it also helps with athletic performance which is why you will find this in energy drinks. Another good ingredient that’s found in energy drinks is Ginseng.

Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves 1: Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to extract caffeine from tea leaves using different solubility characteristics of caffeine in different solvents. The technique used in this experiment is liquid-liquid extraction. Caffeine are known stimulants that has physiological effects on humans such increasing alertness and reducing tiredness and sleep. This organic substance is also a diuretic and causes vasodilation of blood vessels. There are side effects of caffeine with high dosage such as insomnia and headaches and prolong usage may lead to dependence on caffeine.