Christianity Vs Protestant Reformation

He used to oppose many teachings and sayings of the Roman Catholic Church. His “95 Theses,” which was based on two central beliefs that the Bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds was to spark the Protestant Reformation. Although these ideas had been presented before, Martin Luther codified them at a moment in history ripe for religious reformation. The Catholic Church was ever after divided, and the Protestantism that soon emerged was shaped by Luther’s ideas. His writings changed the course of religious and cultural history in the West.

Document I shows a Puritan testifying that he had "not lived an idle, lazie or dronish life," but rather he spent his time well to redeem himself in heaven. This distaste of laziness led to hard-working societies in New England. The Puritans did not believe that "worldly gain was not the end and designe of the people of New England" (Document J). John Higginson also explains in Document J that New England was a "plantation of Religion, not a Plantation of Trade." In this document, Higginson calls out merchants who are only looking for money.

Puritans vs Humanists People possess the resources to achieve merit through good deeds. During the seventeenth and part of eighteenth century, the Puritans, a religious group, accepted predestination (the concept that God chooses who ends up in either Heaven or Hell) and endeavored to gain an eternity in Heaven. Humanists, established mostly during the eighteenth century, believed in humans ' free will to choose their own fates while also focusing on obtaining happiness during life rather than afterlife. While some people strive for kindness out of fear of consequences or want of rewards, humanity aspires for a magnanimous life through morals and free will. According to Puritan beliefs, people’s drive for good stems from the need to please

Firstly, annihilating the unity of religion in Europe resulted in the division of Christendom into Catholic and Protestant. It weakened the Church and its oppressive clergy, while restoring the pure form of early Christianity. Additionally, the Reformation helped to separate the Church and state. Secondly, empowering monarchs by sacrificing church officials facilitated the movement towards the modern centralized worldly state. Although absolute monarchy was a significant factor of political liberty, Protestantism also contributed to this growth.

At the same time, the behavior of a religious person cannot be defined only by the contents of his religion, otherwise every its follower would be the same (Norenzayan, 2013). This is why the scientific research of Christianity seems to us more efficient: its dogma is based on prosocial ideals, naturally accepted and encouraged by society (which possibly could emerge due to the appearance of Christianity in the first place, but that is a discussion for a philosophic study). Because of distinct prosocial nature of Christian beliefs, we can more clearly observe the factors that modify these beliefs, as they have a lesser range of interpretations. This range became narrower with the arrival of Reformation and overall improvement in public education, as the abuse of religious power and beliefs decreased (Cameron, 2012). Even without a well-defined moral ideals

Therefore Malvolio, who is only a steward, is brave enough to believe he more significant than the other characters creates irony. Shakespeare has applied this because he wanted Malvolio to represent a certain part of the society. He wanted a character that would summarise the views of society to the audience in a clear way. A puritan was a name given to someone who believed that it was necessary to be in a covenant relationship with God. Their ultimate accomplishment was to purify the Church of England and to redeem one’s soul from a sinful condition.

Speculative relates to the beliefs of the church. The civil law doesn’t relate to the truth but only really about the good and safety of the people. Practical laws relate to the “living well” of a person. Through this, obedience to God is first, then to the law of the land. Because eternal happiness is wanted, people should do what makes them happy and acceptable to God as well.

Fulcher's claim that European Christians should have been protected from Muslim occupation and fierce persecution. As the Roman Realm disintegrated and the papacy lost power and power, moves in governmental issues and religions started. The papacy, under the direction of Pope Urban II, started the battle for more power and power. Amid the time preceding the Main Campaign, the Christian confidence "overwhelmed and directed regular day to day existence to a degree that can appear to be practically unfathomable to a present day eyewitness receptive to the states of mind and biases progressively secularized contemporary society. This religious enthusiasm sustained the "mind-boggling uneasiness: the threat of wrongdoing".

Should todays Christians be pro or anti free market, pro or anti-globalization? How are we to survive in a modern world of scarcity? Theologian William Cavanaugh uses Christian resources to incisively address basic economic matters like the free market, consumer culture, globalization, and scarcity. Cavanaugh argues that we should not just accept these terms but rather enforce a Christian approach and way of living. Cavanaugh discusses how God, in the Eucharist, forms us to consume and be consumed rightly.

In France the advancement in scientific thought was limited by the Catholic hegemony over knowledge, while England on the other hand due to the laxing of policing mechanism provided the ideal space for progress in scientific thought. Religion which had played an important role in the advancement of science since the sixteenth century becomes ever more significant in the span of two decades from 1640 to 1660. The moderate Puritan reformers were now being challenged by a number of radical sectarian movements who saw in science the potential to bring about radical changes in the society. The moderate reformers who later established the Royal Society of Science in 1662, had to declare its goal of promoting an organized pursuit of experimental science in order to distance themselves from any attempt at radically reforming the church or the state. The threat of being deemed heretical loomed large over the puritan scientific reformers and they sought to divert it by coming up with the Christianized versions of upcoming scientific theories.

Prior to 1550, the European continent was dominated by Catholicism and had been for centuries. However, Protestantism first introduced by Martin Luther had begun to make inroads in the Holy Roman Empire and Nordic countries. Despite the growing popularity of these new religions, the majority of monarchs saw religious diversity as a weakness. Instead, most rulers pursued Religious uniformity to ensure political stability and strength. Examples of monarchs attempting to achieve religious university abound from Charles V in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain, to Rome, and to England.

In an effort to maintain the principles established in Winthrop 's speech, ministers in New England created a set of practices known as the New England Way, which was made to strengthen the power of the church. However, as evidenced by rebels Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, some individuals became unsatisfied with the ironclad Puritan Church. One of the core threats towards Winthrop 's shining vision was the notion of a market economy, which emphasizes an individuals free will in making economic decisions. This form of economy directly contradicts the New England Way, and demonstrates the change of values among the colonists. Other important factors in the erosion of New England Way include expansion, war with the Native Americans, and religious

Prompt: Compare and contrast the motives and actions of Martin Luther in the German states and King Henry VIII in England in bringing about religious change during the Reformation. During the 16th century as renaissance inspired changes in education and art ,humanist ideas also impacted religion. Major dissatisfaction with the Roman Catholic Church and its traditions made it easier for people to trigger a movement to reform the church and its teachings. There were two reformers Martin Luther, a german theology professor, who came to realise a new comprehension of Christianity, and King Henry VIII, who desired divorce which he could not get because of the disapproval of the Catholic Church. While the motives of their strong persuasion of