Bronfenbrenner's Theories Of Cigarette Smoking

Discussion

Generally, smoking can be associated with a number of reasons such as impulsiveness, fatalism, rebelliousness, shyness, low self-esteem, propensity to addiction, and poor coping skills either increase the attraction to smoking or reduce the ability to resist pressures from others to smoke. Furthermore, in a study, we found that men, living in a low socioeconomic group were stressed, which led them smoking. In fact, smoking must involve something more than efforts to cope with stress among the deprived. However, arguments about cigarette smoking as a coping process are incomplete. Bronfenbrenner (1977), in his theory, states that changing environments and interactions within and between those environments shape behaviours and contributing in cigarette smoking among men in the society (Akers et al, 1979; Bandura, 1977; Miller, 1995). Cigarette smoking is a behavior, which a person can develop from his or her society by learning time to time.

The study identified that there was a significant relationship between age and cigarette smoking in both countries. The odds of cigarette smoking found to increase among the older age groups in Zambia. Whereas individuals who were in the older age

Social learning theory emphasizes the facilitating effect on youth smoking exposure to smokers who serve as role models, whereas social control theory focuses on the constraining effects on smoking of conventional social relationships. Social learning theory posits that “adolescent smoking is learned behavior acquired through social interactions and reinforcement” (Petraitis et al, 1995).We can say that both young and older people being the smoker as they look part of their peer group as well as older people smokes around them for the youth, especially their parents, and peer