Citi Bank Case Study
An institution connecting around 1000 cities, 160 countries and millions of people, Citi bank is a global bank in every sense of the word. Since its business operations are widespread the movement of people from one country to another is frequent and commonplace. Citi's expatriate programs currently include around 600 employees in some 70 countries. These expatriates travel primarily under three types of expatriate programs at Citi (Source: Citi employee handbook):
1. Expatriate program: This program includes employees who at the discretion of the business, are selected to participate in Citi's Global Expatriate Program. Such expatriate assignments are generally offered to:
• Fill in a key leadership position in another country
• Expand a
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Kraimer, Sandy J. Wayne and Renata A. Jaworski there are three facets to the adjustment of an expatriate; namely; work, general and interaction. Work adjustment means the psychological comfort of the expatriates with the tasks of the foreign assignment. General adjustment refers to the culture and the general living conditions of the receiving country and interaction adjustment refers to the interaction with the host country nationals (Kraimer, Wayne, & Jaworski, 2001). Theories of stress management have highlighted that social support plays a key role in helping individuals get over the discomfort of novel situations by reducing uncertainty (Caligiuri & Lazarova, 2002). Social support in a broad sense refers to the availability of assistance from other people and the quality of such relationships (Kraimer, Wayne, & Jaworski, 2001) (Caligiuri & Lazarova, 2002). It is broadly divided into three categories: aid, affect and affirmation. Aid refers to the provision of help and pertinent information to the expatriate to help reduce his/her stress. Affect refers to the interpersonal attraction between the support seeker and the source of support and affirmation signifies the expatriate's belief in one self to overcome stressful situations (Kraimer, Wayne, & Jaworski, 2001). Also the social interaction between the expatriate and the host country nationals can be of three types: informational, instrumental and emotional. Informational interaction refers to any interaction which results in any kind of information that might help reduce the expatriates' uncertainty and perplexity. The information shared can be as trivial as good places to shop or eat or as crucial as information leading to the understanding of a host country colleague's behavior. Instrumental interaction results in instrumental support, which helps in addressing specific needs of the expatriate. For example, money, baby-sitting facility and free host country language
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