Citric Acid Research Paper
Introduction
Citric acid, a weak organic acid with the formula C6H8O7 has been known as a natural plant substance since the end of the nineteenth century and since 1893 scientists have known that it is produced by filamentous fungi. Structurally it is a tricarboxylic acid (3 carboxyl groups). The conjugate base of citric acid, citrate is an important intermediate in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms in citric acid cycle. Structure of citric acid: 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
Citric acid finds major uses in the food industry where it is employed as a preservative, acidulant, flavouring agent in beverages, confectionerry and other foods and in leavening systems for baked goods. It has been granted the GRAS status. It has some important non food applications such as maintaining metals in solution for electroplating, cleaning agent for metals. It is used as an antifoam agent, softner and for treatment of textiles. Citric acid is being used more in the detergent industry due to its ability to replace polyphosphates and used in the pharmaceutical industry in many preparations.
History of industrial production: Pfizer and Citric acid
Citric acid ws 1st commercially
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He wokrd with his assistant James Kane and developed a large-scale fermentation process for citric acid. This process called SUCIAC ( sugar to citric acid conversion ) was developed in response to the short supply of citric acid due to the low supply and variable cost of lemons from abroad. The company did not patent the process but kept it a secret. In 1923 Kane made a major breakthrough in citric acid fermentation process. He found a way to use molasses as a substrate instead of the expensive refined sugar. By 1929, through Pfizer’s use of the new process, lemons were no longer needed for making citric acid. In the same year Citrique Belge too began producing citric acid by fermentation on a large
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