Classical Conditioning Essay
This essay hopes to shed light on the development of phobias with emphasis on classical conditioning principles. This essay will also describe how systematic desensitisation as an exposure therapy can be used to overcome fears and phobias. Phobias in their most basic forms are the results of a traumatic experience or a learned conditioned reaction from key figures in a person's formative years. Classical Conditioning is crucial when discussing phobias as it shows us why a person may react to a contextually unrelated or related object. At its simplest, Classical Conditioning is "A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events", it allows us to map out a person's responses and thus form links between …show more content…
Exposure Therapy is the act of introducing the fear to the patients of the therapy, minimally at first but gradually increasing the proximity to the fear. A pioneer in the early twentieth century for Exposure Therapy is behavioural psychologist is Mary Cover Jones. In 1924, Jones used a three year old boy named Peter ( who had a fear of rabbits and furry objects ) to associate the phobia of rabbits with the relaxed conditioned response of eating. Whilst Peter sat in a room eating, Jones introduced a caged rabbit which Peter barely noticed or reacted to. Over the course of two months, Jones brought the rabbit closer and closer until Peter had broken the phobia and was even able to hold the rabbit whilst eating thus proving Exposure Therapy as a successful method in breaking a phobia. As an indirect result, Peter also overcame his fear of furry objects. Although Jones proved successful in this technique, the Psychological world did not embrace the technique until the 1950's where Joseph Wolpe ( 1958; Wolpe and Plaud, 1997 ) refined her techniques into what we know today as Exposure Therapy. The most used Exposure Therapy is Systematic Desensitisation. Because you cannot be both anxious and relaxed simultaneously ( Jones 1924) , you present the phobia in stages so the patient can become accustomed to the situation and try to achieve a state of relaxation while confronting the fear . Gradually the patient goes
Classical Conditioning Analysis
274 Words | 2 PagesOne of the things that I’ve been classically conditioned to is, the sound on the Insidious movie. This is a conditioned stimulus. It is defined as “an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being associated with and unconditioned stimulus” according to the book. The sound in the movie plays when something scary is going to happen. The first time I heard it was in the first movie, when the devil was playing the piano in a very freakish way.
The Little Albert Experiment
1155 Words | 5 PagesFor this paper, I chose to write about the Little Albert experiment The overall importance of this study was to discover if a human could be conditioned to develop a bias, fear, or generalized fear of an animal, object, or person based the stimuli placed around the involved person, animal or object. Watson & Rayner (1920) suggested that “in infancy the original emotional reaction patterns are few, consisting so far as observed of fear, rage and love, then there must be some simple method by means of which the range of stimuli which can call out these emotions and their compounds is greatly increased.” This means that before any conditioning occurs, the subject should have a pure response, but after minor and simple experimentation and conditioning,
Mechanism In William Golding's The Lord Of The Flies
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647 Words | 3 PagesAre You Ruled by Fear or Pleasure? “We are born with the fear of falling and the fear of loud noises. All other fears are imposed by society” -Paulo Coelho. Neil Postman would disagree with this quote and say that we are fascinated with ourselves, technological advancement, and always distracted by social media. However, there’s a bigger force that drives people through today’s society than pleasing yourself with the latest commodities.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Analysis
1555 Words | 7 PagesIn a trail, participants were receiving CBT after PTSD symptoms were shown and others were delayed treatment. Results showed that 71% lost their PTSD symptoms followed by the 3rd month follow-up (Macdonald et al., 2016). EP helps individuals face what they are frightened of. This approach exposes them to the “virtual reality” and they re-enter the setting so they can learn to cope with the situation effectively. EDMR combines exposure therapy with guided eye movements that help the process of the traumatic memories and change how one reacts to them.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Research Paper
1093 Words | 5 PagesThe most effective type of treatment for PTSD is cognitive behavioral therapy. In cognitive therapy you talk to a therapist about the trauma and they help you to understand how to change your thoughts on the event and its aftermath. Exposure therapy’s goal is to teach you to have less fear about your memories. People learn to fear thoughts, feelings and situations that are a reminder of the event that happened. With exposure therapy you focus on memories that are less traumatic first then you will talk about the traumatic event, and this is called desensitization, which you will learn to talk about you memories a little bit at a time.
Unit 731: Medical Experimentation On People
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Alpine Recovery Lodge Relapse Case Study
1701 Words | 7 PagesBehavior therapy was studied by Ivan Pavlov and his famous dog study in which dogs were conditioned to salivate upon hearing a bell. It was later continued to be studied by John Watson who has the famous “Little Albert” study in which an 11-month old infant was conditioned to be scared of fuzzy white things because a rat was paired with a loud noise. The conclusion of the two conditioning experiences was that, behaviors followed by satisfying experiences tend to increase in frequency and behaviors followed by aversive experiences tend to decrease in frequency” (Thoma, 2015). Watson’s assistant Mary Jones, used this principle to clinical applications reasoning that, “if conditioning could be used to induce a phobia, perhaps it could be used to undo a phobia as well” (Thoma, 2015). Thus, behavior therapy was developed and began being used for
Little Albert Ethical Theory
250 Words | 1 PagesIn 1920, Watson and Rayner used infant Albert B. “Little Albert” in an unprecedented experiment of conditioned fear (Watson & Rayner, 1920). Little Albert was discharged from the experiment as an infant and his real identity and welfare remained a mystery until Beck, Levinson & Irons published their identity findings in 2009 (Beck, Levinson, & Irons, 2009). According to Beck et al. (2009) , Little Albert (Douglas Merritte), had developed hydrocephalus after the study and died.
Trigger Warning Essay
402 Words | 2 PagesThe advantage of trigger warning has something to do with PTSD, that students with PTSD may be “triggered” by the presence of information related to their memories of traumas, making them try to avoid the material or even experience a panic attack. Trigger warning plays an important role for those students to prepare before being exposed to the material to avoid discomfort. However, sometimes discomfort is inevitable for learning new ideas for those students, and they need to be challenged for their intellectual and critical development. In that case, we see trigger warning as an overprotection tool that blocks students’ free thinking. From a behavioral-cognitive perspective, trigger warnings can be regarded as a form of expose therapy.
Exposure Therapy Case Study
1125 Words | 5 Pages5. The therapist answers with, “Exposure therapy is a coping strategy and technique in the behavior part of (CBT) used to treat anxiety disorder. It involves you to be exposed to the feared object or situation without causing any harm or danger; therefore, you will be able to overcome your anxiety and distress. 6. The child responds with, “How do you know whether or not the exposure therapy will be
Argumentative Essay On Conversion Therapy
1178 Words | 5 PagesExample (quote/evidence) Today, while some counselors still use physical treatments like aversive conditioning, the techniques most commonly used include a variety of behavioral, cognitive, psychoanalytic, and other practices that try to change or reduce same-sex attraction or alter a person’s gender identity. [nclrights.org] Aversive therapy is still used and is damaging, and the psychoanalytical methods though they may not be physically (evidently) damaging, they can have other effects below the surface that do just as much damage as something you might see on the outiside. Like... Example (quote/evidence)
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Definitions Identify And Explain The Development Of Phobias
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Compare And Contrast Operant Conditioning And Classical Conditioning
1404 Words | 6 PagesINTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
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