Muhammad Saad
Time Start: 3:51 pm
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1. Until relatively recently, protecting water and air quality was not a major concerns of the federal government. Civil and organizational penalties may be assessed against violators of FWPCA regulations. Penalties often reflect a negotiated agreement with the EPA rather than simply reflecting administrative orders or court verdict. The Clean Air Act calls for the “best system of emissions reduction to reduce emissions from existing power plants. Unfortunately, trading and offsetting merely perpetuate pollution and encourage business as usual. The EPA should uphold the Clean Air Act by enforcing rules that reduce pollution not promote a system that allows power plants to pay to pollute.”
2. The first national air quality act was the Clean Air Act of 1963. This act, however, did not directive any reduction of pollution and consequently was ineffective as a method of pollution control. The Clean Air Act was amended in 1990 to reflect growing concerns with certain air-quality problems. The Clean Air Act affects businesses in a number of ways. Polluting industries may be forced to control air pollution through end-of-pipe methods, which apprehension pollution that has already been created and remove it from the air. The Clean Air Act of 1990 also placed new regulations on automobile emissions. It set targets for reducing the emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides by vehicles and assembly plants.
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• One of the advantage of Clean Air Act is a greener product. Disadvantages of Clean Air
Policies like the Water Quality Act of 1965, the Clean Air Act of 1963, the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966, and the Wilderness Act of 1964 were all done under the Great Society plan. Johnson’s environmental focus led to the enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) under Richard Nixon and the subsequent creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The National Aeronautics and Space Act provides authority for Reimbursable, Non-reimbursable, and Funded Agreements. These Agreements are differentiated by underlying principles, to ensure that each type of Agreement is effectively utilized and strategically managed. NASA`s organic statute, the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 grants NASA broad discretion in the performance of its functions. Specifically, the Space Act authorizes the NASA Administrator "to enter into and perform such contracts, leases, cooperative agreements, or other transactions as may be necessary in the conduct of its work and on such terms as it may deem appropriate, with any agency or instrumentality of the United States, or with any State, Territory, or possession,
Since the day President Nixon enacted the National Environmental Policy Act, major advances changed the environmental area. On December of 1970, Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Before EPA, there was no central authority, but now the protection of the environment is strong.
Following the Clean Air Act of 1970, air pollution had significantly decreased in statistical levels, even corroborating the fact that Americans experience longer and healthier lives, with better visibility due to diminished smog and fog levels. On a broader note, even crops and farm animals saw a benefit in this Act, with cleaner and fresher air to use in many processes, like respiration and photosynthesis. In response to the Clean Water Act of 1972, the loss of wetlands have significantly decreased, and the bodies of water used for leisurely activities, such as fishing and swimming, have seen an increase. More impactfully, billions of pollutants have been eradicated from national waters, purifying and cleansing it for public use. Furthermore, public advocacy efforts such as the protests seen in the New York Times post in Document 3, and the speech given by Hansen in Document 5, have set the stage for global climate change activism.
In February of 1970, Nixon gave an environmental message calling for a new air quality legislation. Nixon believed the Clean Air Act of 1967, which had been previously enacted and depended primarily on standards set by states, had inconsistent standards put forth by the states and had long delays of implementation. He proposed national standards for 'ambient air quality' and 'hazardous emissions' and gave an environmental message in 1971 to state that he would propose a Clean Air Emissions Charge of emissions related to sulfur oxides, as it pollutes the atmosphere. (Train 189) The Clean Air Emissions Charge against sulfur oxide appeared in the Pure Air Tax Act of 1972, but ultimately, congress failed to act on Nixon's proposal due to the fact that these proposals were seen as a radical way to approach pollution reduction.
The Acts helped reduce the amount of PCBs, raw sewage, and mercury in the lake. The creation of both Acts proves that pollution in the
In Rachel Carson’s book which was published in 1962, it made a powerful case for the idea that if humankind poisoned nature, nature would in turn poison humankind. Throughout the book, she went on about the detrimental affects that human’s bad habits would have on Mother Earth. Her main argument was that society as a whole would have to change their previous ways of living in order to maintain good health for the Earth and in return the Earth would continue taking care of us, providing land and good weather. One of the actions that was a result of her begging for change was the Clean Air act and the Clean Water act. The Clean Air Act was a law which was designed to control air pollution.
An example of air pollution that has become more prominent in the last few years has been acid rain. Acid rain had increased the marginal social cost on the American people through its risks of a persons health, however, most people only realize the marginal social benefits that it represents, like the goods that are made, with the rain as their product. Title IV of the Clean Air Act is where we find the laws that regulate Acid Deposition, which occurs when sulfur and nitrogen emissions combined with other substances, are changed in the atmosphere and then dropped back on Earth in a form that is very harmful to a persons and the environments health. The Clean Water Act was put into place in order to create a system so that there aren 't too many pollutants released into the U.S. 's water supply and to make sure that the water is deemed as safe for Americans to use and drink from.
This landmark symposium made the introduction of the federal government involvement in environmental regulation. In 1955 congress passed its first environmental legislation which was upheld and supported strongly by the public and improved science. After this huge merge the United States environmental protection Agency and the effective public policy toward the environmental were instituted. (Usepa,
First, this bill should be opposed because of the ways that the EPA protects air. The EPA has supported and authorized many bills that help preserve the cleanliness of our air. The Environmental Protection Agency website says that their Clean Air Act “authorizes EPA to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect public health and public welfare and to regulate emissions of hazardous air pollutants”. Since 1970, this law has allowed the EPA to make sure our air is clean to breathe and advocate for the prevention of air pollution that could be harmful to humans and the environment. However, if the EPA is eradicated, there will be nobody to enforce this Clean Air Act, and therefore no regulation of air pollution, which will be disastrous for not only the environment, but the entire world, which is connected by air currents (so basically everyone on earth breathes the same air).
Companies should think about less polluting products and production processes for
Pollution may be a threat, but it can be solved in our
According to National Treasury 2013, the cost of this pollution is still not reflected in the final prices of the goods and services and the tax payers bore the costs of pollution or damage on the environments and thus distorting labour and income taxes. Other environmental taxes introduced before like Plastic bags levy, Fuel tax and light bulb levy can be used to motivate Carbon emission producers to why Carbon tax can have double benefits. If carbon tax is introduced and implemented like other environment taxes discussed (Plastic bag levy and Light bulb levy) they would yield two or three
HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN INDIA Environment indubitably plays a vital role in our daily lives. Environment is being threatened with increasing technological advancement & industrialization. Hence, over the last few decades there has been increased awareness as to environmental protection. As a result of this, environmental jurisprudence in India has also seen a sea change.
There are many problems that threatens society and one problem in particular, air pollution is a problem that threatens everyone. Air pollution is the contamination of air with pollutants that are harmful to humans, animals, and the environment. It began to be a problem when humans discovered the uses of fire and then the amount of air pollution exponentially grew after the industrial revolution, and is still a problem even today. The largest causes of air pollution are from human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and gas emissions from manufacturing plants. There are ways that ordinary people can help contribute to prevent air pollution and or else face the dangerous consequences of polluted air.