Cleanthes Argument That Animals Have Consciousness
Cleanthes argues that animals must have consciousness because they are built from the same complex and perfect systems that human beings are built from. He cannot accept that minds so similar to our own cannot be as “complex and purposeful” (pg. 2). Philo refutes Cleanthes’ argument with three points. First of all, Philo says “nature is not perfect, and is often defective, or excessive (pg.2)”. We need rain, but too much rain causes floods, which causes destruction. Secondly, that by assuming nature is imperfect, we can assume that there is an imperfect creative process. From this conclusion Philo says we can leave out the idea of a perfect creator. Lastly he criticizes Cleanthes for his analogical and anthropomorphic aspects in his arguments,
Consider The Lobster By David Foster Wallace Analysis
1055 Words | 5 PagesHe uses this to help argue lobsters may not have the necessary brainpower to experience pleasure or suffering in the same way that humans do. However, he also acknowledges that lobsters have nervous systems and respond to stimuli in ways that suggest they are sensing something. He writes, “The nervous system of a lobster is very simple, and is in fact most similar to the nervous system of the grasshopper. It is decentralized with no brain. There is no cerebral cortex, which in humans is the area of the brain that gives the experience of pain (4).”
Descartes: Subactionism And Interactionists
768 Words | 4 PagesAccording to Descartes there was a clear separation between humans and animals in regards to mind body dualism. He believed that animals were nothing more than simple machines incapable of reason and language. That they lacked a mind unlike humans, who have a sound reasoning mind and mechanical body. -Erica Trujillo 2.)
Peter Singer's Argument On The Moral Status Of Nonhuman Animals
1462 Words | 6 PagesMoral Status of Nonhuman Animals Peter Singer is a utilitarian philosopher that believes we should accept the principle of equal consideration of interests. This principle states that all beings, both human and nonhuman animals should have their interests considered with the same weighting. Singer believes this principle must be adopted to avoid becoming speciesist: defined as the preference of one species over another species. He compares this practice to racism and sexism but instead of discriminating by race or sex, we discriminate by species. Through careful consideration of Singer’s argument and objections, we are able to reject his claim that a nonhuman animal has the same interests as a human.
Theme Of The Book Of Martha Octavia Butler
1772 Words | 8 Pages(Butler191) This is a risk she takes as a writer concerning the higher power. She infers that in a Utopian world everyone would either be flawed or flawless. If humans are flawed and are made in God’s image and likeness, then God is flawed, an alarming view for religious persons and a comforting analysis for agnostics. “So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
Reason In The Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell
574 Words | 3 PagesThis characterization of reasoning animals conveys how reason is an attribute of a stronger being. Connell uses a third stylistic elements to illustrate reasons
Difference Between Christianity And Naturalism
981 Words | 4 PagesThe debate of Naturalism versus Christian Views is a topic that garners a lot of attention, especially in scientific endeavors. Naturalism beliefs stem from the view that through scientific investigation you can discover how natural laws or forces operate in the world through evolution over time. On the other hand, Christians believe that God is in control of the universe and that He created humans with a body and a soul allowing a consciousness to be present during mental activities. When looking at this debate the questions that need to be asked is “What is a soul” and “Are thoughts and brain activity the same thing”?
How The Chimpanzees Revealed In Next Of Kin
850 Words | 4 PagesGrowing up Rodger Fouts didn’t know any other chimpanzee than Curious George. When Fouts entered graduate school he meat a new chimpanzee, Washoe. Fouts was pursuing a life in psychology working with children. He was taking an animals psychology class, and he was taught that animals are mindless creatures; he was soon proven wrong when he meet Washoe. Fouts excepted a graduate assistant
Psy 270 Week 3 Psychological Perspectives Essay
1328 Words | 6 PagesAnd the three perspectives i would be discussing in the paper will be: What is Behaviorism? this perspective mostly differs from other approaches because it views that both people and animals are controlled by their environment and specifically that we are the result of what we have learned from our environment. in other words, that it is shaped by our experience. Behaviorism is
Summary Of The Intelligent Plant
1417 Words | 6 PagesNotable plant scientist, Fred Sack, commented that plants cannot be capable of learning because “the word ‘learning’ should be reserved for animals” while this experiment portrayed their adaptation (Pollan). Because of the criticism about the language in Gagliano’s paper, the hypothesis seems to remain unconfirmed. It appears to me no premise substantially disconfirms the conclusion of “Animal-Like Learning in Mimosa Pudica”, only the disagreement among professionals over what constitutes learning, if anything, in sans-brain life forms. Internally coherent, the main flaw of “Animal-Like Learning in Mimosa Pudica” is in the language used to describe the phenomenons witnessed in the experiment, which would compromise it’s external consistency. Gagliano’s research and idea appears fruitful in many aspects.
Light And Dark In The Iroquois Creation Story
600 Words | 3 PagesThe differences between light and dark, good and bad, are blurred in the Iroquois Creation Story. The narrator captured two different views in this story, blurring the line between what is considered right and wrong. The Iroquois Creation Story does not have just the black and white, but also the gray areas as well. It makes readers question what is really good and what is bad. The overall use of light elements gives the story a light feel, but also has a dark undertone when looked at closely.
Arthur Schopenhauer's Philosophy That Life Is Full Of Suffering
1760 Words | 8 PagesHe notes that the inferior animals seem to revel in a more contented fortune than people (Berger, 2004). This argument is agreeable in that animals live a better life than human beings. The truth that animals have no recollections from their previous activities and do not reiterate them means that they, of course, live a better life than men. For example, when considering a housefly that has a lifetime of about seven days according to most biological tests, the animal lives a more comfortable life as compared to human beings. This true because human beings have a longer life span and would suffer more by memorizing previous recollections that inflicted agony and suffering (Jacquette, 2005).
Socrates Imitation Poetry Analysis
1005 Words | 5 PagesAccording to Socrates imitation misrepresented reality, therefore bruising the soul of those who take what imitators say into part of their reasoning because it’s not real. He believes that imitation takes advantage of the weakness of the soul, causing the mind to see the that are really not there making its hearers misinformed(259d). For him it painting and imitation is one in the same, bewitchment to soul, which in turn vexed it. Socrates claimed that imitation was so was so distance from the real version or prototype of nature whose craftsmen is god, will result in the audience getting further away from the what’s truth. Therefore, if anything is in itself not composed of truth nor is reality such as imitation and painting, it can only lead us into deeper ignorance.
Comparing Dennett's 'Tower Of Generate And Test'
635 Words | 3 PagesKayla Southworth Professor Nichols Paper 1 September 28, 2015 The plasticity of differences In the piece “Tower of Generate and Test” by philosopher Dan Dennett, he talks about creatures and the characteristics that make them that certain kind of creature. Dennett goes about doing this by setting the piece up in an hierarchy pattern where the base is Darwinian creatures which builds up to Skinnerian creatures and Popperian creatures. Now while, Dennett makes the claim that Skinnerian creatures and Popperian creatures are subcategories of Darwinian creatures, when he goes on to explain the respective subcategory it becomes evident that they differ from Darwinian creatures.
René Descartes And Reason, By David Hume
1827 Words | 8 PagesNature “programs” animals with certain abilities and reflexes; however, unlike humans, animals cannot expand on theses skills, which for Descartes is a sign of no consciousness
William James's Theory Of Perception
1689 Words | 7 PagesThis essay will discuss the statement by William James, “-whilst part of what we perceive comes through our senses but another part (and it may be the larger part) always comes out of our head.” (James, 1890). This excerpt relates to the topic of perception, which can be defined as the acquisition and processing of sensory information to see, hear, taste, or feel objects, whilst guiding an organism’s actions with respect to those objects (Sekuler & Blake, 2002). Every theory of perception begins with the question of what features of the surrounding environment can be apprehended through direct pickup (Runeson et al. 2000). Is it only vague elemental cues that are available, and development and expansion through cognitive processes is required
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