Climatic Factors Affecting Plant Growth
CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING PLANT GROWTH The climatic factors include rainfall and water, light, temperature, relative humidity, air, and wind. They are a biotic components, including topography and soil, of the environmental factors that influence plant growth and development.
• Rainfall and Water
Rainfall is the most common form of precipitation. It is the falling of water in droplets on the surface of the Earth from clouds. Other forms of precipitation are freezing rain, sleet or ice pellets, snowfall, and hail. The amount and regularity of rainfall vary with location and climate types and affect the dominance of certain types of vegetation as well as crop growth and yield.
• Light
Light is a climatic factor that is essential in the production of chlorophyll and in photosynthesis, the process by which plants manufacture food in the form of sugar (carbohydrate). Other plant processes that are enhanced or inhibited by this climatic factor include stomata movement, phototropism, photo morphogenesis, translocation, mineral absorption, and abscission.
• Temperature
The degree of hotness or coldness of a substance is called temperature. It is commonly expressed in degree Celsius or centigrade (C) and degree Fahrenheit (F). This climatic factor in uences all plant growth processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, breaking of seed dormancy, seed germination, protein synthesis, and translocation. At high temperatures the translocation of
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