Clogged Bed Literature Review
Literature Review
This section aims to concisely provide details on models designed by far to simulate and predict the performance of filter columns as it becomes progressively clogged. Notwithstanding the shortcoming of many of existing model unable to accurately emulate the clogged filter bed, these information are still useful as they provide several key knowledge of filter operating under clogged bed circumstances, and serve as guidelines during the development of our model. Three key information will be discussed in this section: i) variation in specific deposit as filter becomes progressively clogged, ii) clogged bed equations and iii) modelling software used in the simulation of the particular numerical model.
Estimating specific
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More information on the derivation of head loss equation can be obtained from the reference [4].
Kinetics of the filtration of dilute suspensions
This purpose of this research was to establish the mechanism governing the effective removal of dilute suspensions in filter units [7]. Previous clogged bed theories developed by Stein, Mints, Ornatskii, Heertjes, Mackrle, Ives, Robinson and Maroudas were discussed, and a general form of a clogged bed equation was derived [7]. The newly derived equation were then used to fit the results of an experimental unit. The research concluded that the main filtration mechanism in deep filter bed is the attachment of particles onto the surface grains [7]. Straining and arching were not the main particle removal mechanism [7].
Among the list of clogged bed equation, it was noticed that the two equations that does not requires empirical constant was Ornatskii’s equation and Mint’s equation, as shown by equation (1.2.4a) and equation (1.2.4b).
〖HL〗_3/〖HL〗_0 =〖[1+〖(β_3 σ/ε_0)〗^(1⁄2)]〗^3/〖[1-β_3
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