METHODOLOGY
1) CO-ELECTROLYSIS OF CO2 AND H2O The co-electrolysis of water vapor and carbon dioxide can be summarized by the following reaction: The first reaction to be considered is the reverse reaction of water gas shift: Another side reaction that can also affect the electrolysis operation is the formation of coke (carbon deposition on the surface of the electrolysis cell) as follows: At a temperature below 700 ° C, and in the presence of Ni as catalyst methane is formed according to the following reaction: Therefore it is preferable to use temperatures above 700 ° C to avoid the formation of methane. The reaction mechanism of co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 is complicated and not fully understood because it includes three simultaneous
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While ethanol is formed from methanol by complicated and slow reaction, ethanol is rapidly converted to higher alcohols via a rapid carbon chain growth mechanism. We used the Rh-based catalysts, which allow you to have good selectivity to ethanol and minimize the selectivity to other products (methane, methanol, hydrocarbons...). This is very important because it will allow us to reduce the cost of investment operations thus reducing separation and purification costs. The catalyst used is Rh/SiO2 which has high selectivity to ethanol. The addition of vanadium as a promoter increases the catalyst activity and selectivity to …show more content…
Depicted is a planar-geometry solid oxide cell (as opposed to tubular geometry and other existing geometries). Planar cells are stacked with electrical interconnect plates between the electrodes of adjacent cells to form a cell stack. The electrolyte is a dense thin oxide ion conducting ceramic, usually yttria-stabilized zirconia. The electrolyte layer is sandwiched between the two porous electrodes, which are typically made of a composite of the electrolyte material and an electron conducting material (either a metal or an electronically conductive ceramic) that also provides electrocatalytic activity for the reactions (or sometimes other materials are added to enhance electrocatalytic
Consequently, it induces second element to be oxidized. 2. In the experiment #3, zinc electrode acts as anode, where the oxidation processes occur, while iron half-cell acts as cathode, where the reduction processes appear. In the experiment #4, iron is visa verse reducing agent that evicts electrons to copper half-cell through the circuit.
3.1 Project Methodology In order to make sure that this project is on track, proper planning and scheduling is crucial. It is necessary to identify the significant key points which are photocatalytic activity of SWCNTs, properties of carbon nanotubes and titanium oxide, available testing procedures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other spectroscopic methods. In this section, a brief detail provided regarding the methods used, sol-gel, hydrothermal and electrospinning. Also, the available tests that will be used are explained.
Introduction: The aim of this experiment was to see whether water, Powerade or orange juice contained more electrolytes. Electrolytes are responsible for controlling the total amount of water in the body, regulating blood volume and maintaining muscle and nerve function. A lack of these electrolytes can cause headaches, fatigue, confusion, hallucinations and muscle spasms. I found that water and distilled water were less conductive than the orange juice and Powerade and orange juice proved to be the most conductive.
Under anaerobic conditions, alcoholic fermentation occurs in Fleischmann’s Rapid-Rise yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). During glycolysis, glucose is converted to two pyruvate; consequently, the end products are two ATP molecules from substrate level phosphorylation and two NADH molecules. Then, NAD+ regeneration occurs, first converting two pyruvate to two acetaldehyde while also releasing two carbon dioxide molecules, and ultimately two acetaldehyde converting to the end product of two ethanol with the regeneration of two NAD+. It is important to indicate that the alcoholic fermentation process can be applied to the use of ethanol as biofuel. With this in mind, ethanol biofuel is expected to produce lower levels of pollution with the use
Dalia El-Desoky Organic Chemistry II Lab 05 8 February 2017 Dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol Introduction: Dehydration is a common reaction in Organic Chemistry used to produce carbon-carbon double bonds. The dehydration mechanism involves the removal of water from an alcohol to form an alkene. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol will undergo acid catalyzed dehydration in heat to form three products: 1-methylcyclohexene, 3-methylcyclohexene, and methylenecyclohexane [1]. The reaction is carried out in a Hickman still filled with Drierite, a drying agent composed of CaSO4 which absorbs water.
Name: Amra Aliyu Lab partner: Jamie Liang Lab: Empire of Electricity Course: Chem 106 Date: 7/11/2015 INTRODUCTION A galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell that goes through a redox reaction and produces electrical energy . It converts chemical energy to electrical energy and the energy goes from the anode to the cathode. In this lab we had manipulate an exothermic zinc reaction to produce electricity.
1. What type of macroscopic evidence for chemical change did you observe during this experiment? Give at least three different examples. (15 points)
The purpose of this lab is to identify the seven numbered solutions through chemical reactions. It was done by mixing the numbered solutions of known names but unknown number of distribution with each other and analyzing the chemical reactions. Research shows that NiCl2 is the green liquid. NiCl2 will not react with anything except with AgNO3 and Na2CO3, so the first step will be mixing all solutions with NiCl2 until those two chemicals are found. Na2CO3 will create bubbles (CO2) while AgNO3 does not when mixed with the other chemicals.
Task 1 When you exhale onto a window it steams up because your breath contains water vapour and it causes water vapour to condense forming small water droplets. We breathe in oxygen and some nitrogen which is essential for life. We exhale carbon dioxide that can be tested for limewater because carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid (H2 C03). Glucose is a reactant of respiration.
If one compares the amount of electrolytes present in an artificial substance (sports drink), to those in a natural substance (orange juice), then the natural substance will have the most electrolytes. That is my hypothesis. I chose this topic because I have always been skeptical about the validity of the quantity of electrolytes said to be in sports drinks. Sports drinks have been recommended as a way to replace electrolytes, which are lost during exercise. However, orange juice also has electrolytes and these are naturally occurring, not man made.
While CO2 is produced, the amount of CO2 produced is different depending on the organisms, in this case crayfish. To test the changes in pH, NaOH is used to neutralize the carbonic acid produced by the crayfish, by which the
Understanding the problem is the first step. When the ocean takes in CO2, it dissolves into the ocean reacting with water. This process forms a weak acid called carbonic acid. This then breaks apart releasing hydrogen ions, increasing the acidity of the water. This
In this experiment, Analysis of Gaseous Products, a comparison between the elimination reactions created in the presence of an acidic and basic conditions was observed to be further analyzed through gas-liquid chromatography. These conditions were achieved by acid-catalyzed dehydration of a secondary and primary alcohol and based-induced dehydration of a secondary and primary bromide. As a result of these changing eliminations, gas-liquid chromatography makes it possible to separate and isolate volatile organic compounds to analyze the stereochemistry and regiochemistry of these compounds without decomposing them. Overall, gas-liquid chromatography of these compounds in acidic or basic conditions contributed in the identification and analysis
There are two methods of obtaining cyclohexane. These two methods are fractional distillation of naphtha and hydrogenation of benzene. Research suggest that the hydrogenation of benzene is the most economical way to create our chemical of choice. According to ICIS, cyclohexane is used in the production of adipic acid used to
Chemistry IA Background information: Introduction: Electrolysis it’s a chemical process that when you pass an electric current into a solution or a liquid that contains ions to separate substances back to their original form. The main components that are required for electrolysis to take a place are: Electrolyte: it’s a substance that when dissolved in water it ionize and then it will contain free moving ions and without these moving ions the process of electrolysis won’t take place. Direct current (DC): This current provides the energy needed to discharge the ions in the electrolyte Electrodes: it’s an object that conducts electricity and it’s used in electrolysis as a bridge between the solution and power supply. A great example