Coagulant Research Paper

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According to Henry and Heinke (1996), they stated that in the water treatment plant, water flows by gravity through an intake structure and pipe, then screen removes larger impurities and low-lifts raise water to the level of the treatment plant. Due to particles in the raw water are too microscopic to be removed, a chemical is added to coagulate and flocculate the small particles which is called as colloids, into a larger ones which can be settled out in the sedimentation tanks or directly removed to the filters. If sedimentation precedes filtration, filters can be operated for longer period. They also mentioned that clarified water drawn off the top of sedimentation tanks is conveyed to the filters and any remaining suspended particles are removed by using straining, settling and adhering to the sand or other filtering materials as the water flows through the small pore openings of filter bed. After filtration process, before it flows into the storage reservoir, the water is disinfected by using chlorine. On the other hand, fluorine also can be added due to its ability to retard tooth decay. Then, the treated water is pumped by using high-lift pumps into the distribution system which will be distributed to customers and also to maintain water levels in storage.
However, latest water treatment …show more content…

The first key properties of coagulant is trivalent cation, which is the most efficient cation. Then, the second properties is nontoxic at working dosage which is suitable for production of safe water and last properties is insoluble in neutral pH range which can precipitate without leaving high concentration of ions in water (Alemayehu, 2010). In addition, in order to destabilize natural water suspension, a coagulant needs to have these four mechanisms which are compression of the electric double layer, adsorption and charge neutralization and interparticle bridging, and lastly entanglement in a precipitate (Davis,

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