Coconut Shell Research Paper

The Rf calculations of aspirin in table 1 shows an Rf value of .491; however, in table 2 the Rf value of aspirin was calculated to be .784. This Rf value is the higher among the other compounds because the Rf values decreases from aspirin to caffeine; therefore, this suggests that the

Diluents do not react in alkylation chemistry, but they take up space and decrease the effective area for isobutane and olefin to contact. With less contact, side reactions like polymerization are more likely to occur; polymerization reactions are a direct acid consumer. Comparing the FCCU and Coker BB, Coker BB contains far more contaminants and diluents than FCCU BB (see Table 2, pg.4). By lowering the amount of contaminants and diluents, acid consumption reduced 0.2

Since the bigger something is the more expensive it gets. The least amount of thick gusset plates Sverdrup & Parcel and Associates, Inc. needed to withstand the calculated stress, the more money they could save. The problem was, Sverdrup & Parcel and Associates, Inc. failed to calculate the force on the diagonal truss and so, when deciding gusset thickness had inaccurate data. As it turns out the peak of the diagonal force is near the U10 gusset which is only a half inch thick as shown in Fig. 3.

In the control, beta-amylase was present unlike the experiment, which resulted in less molecules lingering. Discussion: 1. a. My results matched my prediction regarding alcohol percentage by weight. I predicted that the control would have a higher alcohol content than the experimental since beta and alpha amylase are working together. Since only Alpha-Amylase worked in the experimental, there was probably bigger carbohydrates present in the flask, therefore, there was a lower alcohol percentage since yeast can’t digest bigger sugars.

The percent error associated with the second and third trial was much better than that of the first trial. At a value of 7.1% and 3.2% respectively, the error that occurred during the first trial did not persist into the rest of the trials. However, excess water on the lighter attributed to the error across all three trials. The excess water on the lighter gave it a larger mass when measured using the triple beam balance. Due to this, the mass of butane collected was slightly inaccurate, causing errors in the calculation of the molar mass of

In the early 1970s the fluoridated toothpaste has very important source of fluoride. Thus the water fluoridation efficacy has decline in the recent years. Since the non-fluoridated decay value has fallen. While the reduction of relative disease still continue by 50%. Nonetheless, the public health professionals opinion involved, the reduction in value of decay is more than significant enough by fluoridation to warrant the policy continuation (M. Joe, 2005, p. 2).

Metallic bonding can be seen as “an electrostatic interaction between the delocalized valence electrons and the positively charged ion cores” (C. Barry Carter 2013).This occurs in metals and their alloys. The valence electrons are not localized therefore have the freedom to move throughout the entire metal. The bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons across many atoms. Metallic bonds are non-directional. Each metallic bond has a general structure of metal ions and an electron cloud which has occurred due to the sea of valance electrons.

However, the rate of the removal was shown to be incredibly slow (with tray B featuring the highest removal rate at a mere 1.11mg/l per day) and, in agreement with the literature (Vanitha, Nampoothiri, Menon & Sivapragasam 2013), would suggest that duckweed would not make a fitting alternative to current means of reducing nitrate pollution in terms of practicality and efficiency, though this may be negated by massive amounts of duckweed in large scale applications such as that used in the experiments carried out in the literature (Yang 2013, Skillicorn

Carbonic acid is a weak acid and so split into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Bicarbonate ions also further split up into carbonate ions and hydrogen ions. • The acidity of the water is dependent on hydrogen ions, so as the number of hydrogen ions increases the Ph decreases making the water more acidic. • Evidence shows that the oceans ph has dropped by 0.1 ph units since pre industrial times. • It which may not sound like much but this is actually a 30% increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions.

To have gotten a 0% error between the experimental and actual value for CH3COOH, the pH would have been measured at about 4.75, which is slightly more acidic than 4.80. The percent error was calculated to determine how accurate the Ka of acetic acid was: Since the calculations yielded a 20% error, this shows that experimental error occurred during the experiment. Factors that could have affected the results included improper reading of the meniscus for volume of NaOH, not allowing the NaOH to fully drip into the buret after removing the funnel, adding too much acetic acid after the indicator flashed pink to get an inaccurate equivalence point, and not allowing the solution in the beaker to mix thoroughly to get an accurate reading from the pH