The “Code of the Street,” materialized in American’s major metropolitan inner city communities’ predominately homogeneous African American neighborhoods because segments of this population felt disenfranchised from mainstream American due to lack of economic opportunities as well as the distrust between citizens in these communities toward law enforcement. The common belief in among a minority of the population in these neighborhoods is that the criminal justice system is bias toward poor minority groups and every person must fend for himself or herself. Therefore, urban communities have developed a set of socially acceptable norms within these distressed communities coined the “Code of the Street.” The evening news has not coined the term, but it is broadcasted almost every night on the evening news showing footage of gun violence that has plagued America’s inner …show more content…
This is not hyperbole it’s a fact of life for those living in these communities. Young African American males in order to maintain a level of respect among their peers implement the principles of the “Code of the Street.” Unfortunately, a lot of people have fallen victim to gun violence and been killed or seriously wounded because of minutia incidents as well as gang and drug related encounters. The principles of the theory are pretty simple: A person must protect his or her reputation by not allowing others in the community to disrespect
In his article, “Black Men and Public Space,” Brent Staples writes about his encounters with people during his nighttime walks in and around the city streets of Chicago and New York. He argues that, as a result of crimes committed by criminals of African American descent, people tend to quickly avoid him because they assume that he will likely mug them because of the color of his skin. Nevertheless, on the subject as to whether this article is an appropriate and good example of the reaction of others, it is quite obvious that this is a good example of the reaction of others, given how Brent Staples spent much of his time working in the city as a journalist, and that crime rates are high in inner city areas. However, despite the fact that this
The author’s personal background, his familiarity with the scholarly literature on critical criminology and ethnography, and his three-year study of the 40 young men in Oakland combine to produce a significant contribution to the understanding of how our society oppresses and criminalizes young men of color. Rios’s affirmation of the humanity and aspirations of these young men is quite strong, as is his unrelenting exposé of the social processes which systematically deny their humanity and aspirations. While the grave problems of mass incarceration and police brutality have been widely discussed in numerous books and journals, the other aspects of the “youth control complex” have received less attention, and this book helps to address this gap in the literature. The author’s analysis of the role of probation officers, school officials, and even family members in the “youth control complex” is particularly informative. His discussion of the psychological and social damage inflicted on these young men by “hypercriminalization” is both revealing and
Crime, Citizenship, and the Court’s analyzation of Incarceration, Inequality, and Imagining Alternatives have revealed the prevalent racial profiling that exists in the African American community. Bruce Western emphasizes the prominent levels of incarceration in minority neighborhoods elaborating on the negative effects that these rates have on families, communities, and lifestyles. He reiterates that “incarceration deepens inequality because its negative social and economic effects are concentrated in the poorest communities” (Western, 297). When we analyze Fox News media portrayals of Martin, we could begin to understand why African Americans change their methods of transportation, clothing, and routines. These men adapt to the reality of racial profiling in fear that one day, they may contribute to the high incarceration rates within their communities.
The Moral Economy of Violence in the US Inner City Chicago Journals Field Research conducted in a predominately Puerto Rican neighborhood located inside Philadelphia’s northern section captures true life events. Interviews, statistics, and moral compasses are used to examine The Moral Economy of Violence in the inner city. Bringing forth how an individual’s Scio-economic environment influences morality and decision making through the eyes of Philadelphia’s inhabitants. Bureau of Justice Assistance (1994) Understanding Community Policing A Frame work for
How well Wes Moore describes the culture of the streets, and particularly disenfranchised adolescents that resort to violence, is extraordinary considering the unbiased perspective Moore gives. Amid Moore’s book one primary theme is street culture. Particularly Moore describes the street culture in two cities, which are Baltimore and the Bronx. In Baltimore city the climate and atmosphere, of high dropout rates, high unemployment and poor public infrastructure creates a perfect trifecta for gang violence to occur. Due to what was stated above, lower income adolescent residents in Baltimore are forced to resort to crime and drugs as a scapegoat of their missed opportunities.
He chose to focus on drug dealing world because it ultimately manifested as the pathos of the US inner city, an articulated response to poverty and segregation. The pathos of the inner city was embodied by the dealers and the addicts that Bourgois chose to focus on, thus enabling him to gain insight into processes that lay at the heart of East Harlem’s street culture. (11) Bourgois has essentially presented an alternative critical understanding of the U.S inner city by formulating an argument that focuses on the lives and conversations of crack dealers in order to expose and emphasise the interaction between structural oppression and individual action. He achieved this by considering cultural and structural forces, both within the manstream
This article demonstrates how Bill Bratton, as the Commissioner of the New York Police Department (NYPD) from 1994 to 1996, William J. Bratton fought crime throughout the city of Ney York with legendary achievement, leading a national revolution in attitudes toward policing. Bratton adopted a “broken windows”1 community policing strategy of zero tolerance for minor offenses and championed statistical analysis to prevent crimes before they occurred. In the 70s and 80s, as Bratton continued his career in policing, institutional theories seemed dominant. Nixon’s brand of “tough-on-crime” and “law and order” conservatism meant that community relations were largely ignored by police. In 1982, James Wilson sought to re-establish some balance.
We live in a society where ethnic minorities are target for every minimal action and/or crimes, which is a cause to be sentenced up to 50 years in jail. African Americans and Latinos are the ethnic minorities with highest policing crimes. In chapter two of Michelle Alexander’s book, The Lockdown, we are exposed to the different “crimes” that affects African American and Latino minorities. The criminal justice system is a topic discussed in this chapter that argues the inequality that people of color as well as other Americans are exposed to not knowing their rights. Incarceration rates, unreasonable suspicions, and pre-texts used by officers are things that play a huge role in encountering the criminal justice system, which affects the way
As police brutality against African Americans is increasing, it is very much reminding us of the civil rights movement. Black leaders risked their lives to ensure that all African Americans would live an equal life as white Americans. The racism and discrimination had been unapparent until recent events such as Donald Trump’s campaign being successful and the police brutality against African Americans. “Every 7 hours cops kill an American citizen”. Many times African Americans are targeted.
Even before our nation’s founding, people of color have been discriminated. Decades pass and the criminal justice system is still “racist” labeling people of color as criminal, meaning black equal criminals therefore is fine to discriminate people of color just because they’re criminals. In “The New Jim Crow” the system targets black men because they are associated with crime, meaning crime stands in for race. In the other hand, As Heather Mac Donald writes in her book “The War on Cops”, “The criminal-justice system does treat individual suspects and criminals equally, they concede. But the problem is how society defines crime and criminals” (154).
Inner city neighborhoods are often thought of as a place of violence. People appear tough, and they act against others before others can act against them. While their way of life may seem odd to those of that did not grow up in the inner city, I believe that the code of the street acts as informal social control. How an individual acts or looks can have serious consequences, and sometimes those consequences can be deadly. The code of the street is simply a response to unemployment, available jobs that pay less than living wage, and a general lack of hope.
Elijah Anderson’s Code of the Street is an account of street violence in the Poor African American communities of Philadelphia. Andersons theory brings together elements of respect, loyalty, and honor, the “code of the street” is an informal system used to control social interactions in impoverished neighborhoods and views violence as acceptable, appropriate, and necessary response to transgressions. In these economically deprived and drug and crime ridden communities, the code of the street is a subculture that controls behavior, particularly violence. As a result of epidemic joblessness and enduring racism in mainstream society, inner-city African Americans are pressured to abide by the code of the street as a survival mechanism.
In her book, On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City, Alice Goffman provides a detailed account of the six years she spent living in and observing a poor, predominantly African American neighborhood in Philadelphia. This community, which she refers to as “6th Street,” directly experienced the immediate effects of mass incarceration in the United States. Thus, that reality caused 6th Street residents to shape their actions, socialization, customs and norms to avoid the police while simultaneously maintaining behaviors––that would otherwise be considered criminal––to survive in a rough and unforgiving environment. To further explore and to try to understand the conditions 6th Street inhabitants faced, Goffman conducted ethnographical research
Synthesis Research Paper Everyday growing up as a young black male we have a target on our back. Society was set out for black males not to succeed in life. I would always hear my dad talk about how police in his younger days would roam around the town looking for people to arrest or get into an altercation with. As a young boy growing up I couldn’t believe some of the things he said was happening. However as I got older I would frequently hear about someone getting killed by the police force.
Police brutality will be an issue until a solution is created. Many individuals are victims of this form of assault on daily basis. The liberties held by law enforcement are challenged each time they perform their duties. Police officers should abide by the same laws that each citizen is expected to abide by. Although police officers are granted with the right to determine laws as constitutional, civilians are sometimes treated in ways that are beyond unlawful.